Research progress on taking mechanism of automatic transplanter for pothole seedling

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2025.04.004

Abstract

Abstract: The seedling‑taking mechanism of automated transplanting machines plays a crucial role in advancing the automation, mechanization, and intelligence of vegetable hole tray seedling transplanting. Enhancing the quality and efficiency of hole tray seedling transplanting relies heavily on the development of high‑performance seedling‑taking mechanisms. This paper reviews the latest advancements in seedling‑taking mechanisms for automated transplanting machines in China and globally, and provides a detailed summary of their working principle. Based on different seedling extraction methods, these mechanisms are categorized into clip type, plug type, ejector‑clip type, et al, with a comparative analysis of their respective advantages and disadvantages. Among them, the clip type device has simple structure and low efficiency. The plug device has compact structure and high injury rate. The ejector‑clip type device has high success rate, but the device is complicated and the operation is inconvenient. Common issues identified in existing seedling‑taking mechanisms generally include a high seedling injury rate, limited versatility, and lack of coordination among moving components. To address these challenges, the paper proposes several strategies for future development, including optimizing mechanical structures, standardizing transplanting agronomy, and integrating advanced technologies. These recommendations aim to resolve existing problems and guide the design of seed‑taking mechanisms that exhibit high seedling‑taking efficiency, high reliability, and minimal injury rate of seedlings. This review provides valuable insights for researchers and engineers to understand the current status and developmental trends in automated transplanters within China, thereby enabling the creation of innovative and efficient solutions for the industry.

Key words: pothole seedling, transplanter, seedling pick?up mechanism, automatic seedling pick?up

摘要： 自动化移栽机取苗机构对蔬菜穴盘苗移栽自动化、机械化、智能化具有重要意义。通过开发高性能的取苗机构，可以大幅提高穴盘苗移栽的质量和效率。综述国内外自动化移栽机取苗机构的最新成果，对其工作原理进行归纳总结。根据取苗方式的不同将其分为夹取式、插拔式、顶出—夹取结合式等，并对比分析各自的优缺点。其中，夹取式取苗装置结构简单、取苗效率低；插拔式取苗装置结构紧凑、伤苗率高；顶出—夹取结合式取苗成功率高，但是装置复杂、操作不便。指出现有的取苗机构普遍存在伤苗率高、通用性低、运动部件之间不协调等问题，并提出改进机械结构、移栽农艺标准化、引进先进技术等建议。协助相关科研和工程人员了解我国自动化移栽机的发展现状和趋势，全面调查研究行业中存在的问题，进而研发出取苗效率高、可靠性强、损伤率低的自动化移栽机的取苗机构。

关键词: 穴盘苗, 移栽机, 取苗机构, 自动取苗

CLC Number:

S223.9

Peng Zehui, Yang Fazhan, , Zhao Shuo, Song Quan, Xu Guoli, Shen Xitong. Research progress on taking mechanism of automatic transplanter for pothole seedling[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(4): 22-28.

彭泽辉, 杨发展, 赵烁, 宋泉, 徐国立, 沈熙童. 穴盘苗自动化移栽机取苗机构研究进展[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(4): 22-28.

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