Water and fertilizer integration technology can effectively improve the utilization rate of agricultural resources and reduce surface pollution, which is one of the important ways to realize green agriculture. To promote the research innovation, popularization and application of water and fertilizer integration technology, and solve the actual problems. This paper describes the development history of water-fertilizer integration technology at home and abroad. It also describes the functions and characteristics of the system's water source engineering, control head, fertilizer applicators, field pipeline network. Compare the working principle and advantages and disadvantages of different fertilizer applicators. And analyzes the current research status and development dynamics of the current water-fertilizer integration equipment in terms of pipeline design, fertilizer applicator structure optimization, intelligent control algorithm improvement, enhancement of the level of intelligence, and improvement of the irrigation and fertilization system. It is found that the current supporting facilities for water-fertilizer integration technology, irrigation and fertilization system are not perfect, the model construction is difficult and cannot be used for actual production, and the performance of the fertilizer applicator still needs to be optimized. It also proposes to optimize the structure of the fertilizer applicator, strengthen the research on the water-fertilizer mixing law, and improve the performance of fertilizer application. Establish the irrigation and fertilization system and application guidance model according to the actual situation. Enhance the comprehensive performance of agricultural special sensors, apply new technologies, improve the intelligence level of waterfertilizer integration equipment, and realize the efficient use of water and fertilizer.

水肥一体化技术可以有效提高农业资源利用率、减少面源污染，是实现绿色农业的重要途径之一。为剖析水肥一体化技术在种植中面临的实际问题，促进水肥一体化技术的研究创新与推广应用，通过阐述国内外水肥一体化技术的发展历程，系统介绍水肥一体化系统中水源工程、首部枢纽、施肥装置、田间管网及灌水器的功能及特点，对比不同施肥器的工作原理及优缺点，着重分析当前水肥一体化技术在优化装置结构、改进控制算法、建立指导模型、提升装备智能水平等方面的研究现状与发展动态。在此基础上，总结当前水肥一体化技术存在的配套设施、灌溉施肥制度不完善，模型构建困难且难以应用于实际生产，施肥器性能还有待优化等问题。提出后续应加强水肥混合规律研究，通过优化施肥器结构以提高施肥性能，结合地域特点完善灌溉施肥制度与指导模型，提升农业专用传感器的综合性能，加强新技术的融合与应用，促进水肥一体化装备的智能化升级，实现水肥的高效利用。