Aiming at the problem of poor passability of no-till seeder under the condition of conservation tillage straw mulch, a blade type straw removal device was designed to improve the cleaning effect of no-tillage planter. Through theoretical analysis, the mechanism of removing stubble of blade stubble removing device was explained, and the main parameters and their value range which affect the effect of removing stubble were determined. The simulation model of blade straw clearing device was established by discrete element software, and the quadratic regression combined simulation test was carried out with blade speed, spiral angle and soil depth as test factors, straw clearing rate of seedling belt and soil moving amount of seedling belt as evaluation indexes. The results showed that the influences on the removal rate of straw in the seedling belt were the rotation speed of the device, the depth of the soil and the spiral angle. The influence of soil moving amount on the seedling belt was the depth of soil, the rotation speed of the device and the spiral angle. Parameter combination optimization was carried out on the test results. When the device speed was 210 r/min, the spiral lift angle was 30°, and the soil depth was 14 mm, the straw clearing rate of the seedling belt was 87.6%, and the soil moving amount of the belt was 4 000 cm3/m2. The results showed that the stubble removal rate was 89.2%, the amount of soil driven by the seedling belt was 4 518 cm3/m2, and the stubble removal rate was 90.5%, which was basically consistent with the simulation results, and could meet the technical requirements of no-till seeding.

针对保护性耕作秸秆覆盖条件下免耕播种机通过性能不佳等问题，为提高免耕播种机的苗带秸秆清理效果，设计桨叶式秸秆清理装置。通过理论分析，阐明桨叶清秸装置清秸机理，确定影响清秸效果的主要参数和取值范围。通过离散元软件建立桨叶清秸装置仿真模型，以桨叶转速、螺旋升角、入土深度为试验因素，苗带清秸率和动土量为评价指标，进行二次回归组合仿真试验。结果表明，对苗带清秸率的影响大小依次为装置转速、入土深度和螺旋升角；对苗带动土量的影响大小依次为入土深度、装置转速和螺旋升角；对试验结果进行参数组合优化，当装置转速210 r/min、螺旋升角30°、入土深度14 mm时，苗带清秸率为87.6%、苗带动土量为4 000 cm3/m2。采用最佳参数进行土槽和田间验证试验，结果表明，土槽试验苗带清秸率为89.2%、苗带动土量为4 518 cm3/m2、田间试验苗带清秸率为90.5%，与仿真结果基本一致，可以满足免耕播种技术要求。