Abstract: Variable seeding technology can adjust crop seeding rates according to the  differences  of farmland soil, environment, climate and  other factors, so as to achieve precise and reasonable matching between crop growth conditions and seeding rates. With the widespread application of precision seeding technology for corn and the further development of precision agriculture, variable seeding has become an innovation in the field of precision seeding technology in recent years. This provides a new development space for making full use of Chinas limited land resources, maximizing the potential for increasing production, and maximizing cost savings and efficiency as much as possible. The research on variable seeding technology in China started relatively late compared to the developed countries and is still in the exploratory and experimental stage. This article reviews the current research status of the driving system, control system, and information decisionmaking system of corn variable seeding technology, and elaborates on the seeding quantity adjustment characteristics of different driving systems and their related research and application status. The progress of control systems and information decisionmaking in operation  monitoring, variable seeding, variable replanting, and prescription graphs is analyzed in detail. It is proposed that there are problems with the current soil realtime detection technology being immature, inaccurate variable sowing positions, and low speeds of replanting operations. At the same time, the development prospects and trends of corn variable sowing technology in our country are discussed, and it is pointed out the future development direction of corn variable sowing technology includes rapid detection technology of soil nutrients in fields, precision sowing units with high seed quality and response speed, efficient variable replanting technology, etc.

Key words: corn, variable rate seeding； variable rate fertilization； prescription map

摘要： 变量播种技术可根据农田土壤、环境、气候等因素的差异性调整作物播种量,实现作物生长条件与播种量的精准合理匹配。随着玉米精密播种技术的广泛应用和精准农业的进一步发展, 变量播种成为近年来精密播种技术领域的一项革新。为充分利用我国有限的土地资源、最大限度挖掘增产潜力, 尽可能地节本增效提供新的发展空间。我国变量播种技术的研究相对发达国家起步较晚, 尚处于探索研究和试验阶段。通过综述玉米变量播种技术的驱动系统、控制系统与信息决策系统3方面的研究现状, 阐述不同驱动系统的播种量调节特性及相关研究和应用现状；重点分析控制系统与信息决策系统在作业监测、变量播种、变量补种以及处方图等方面取得的进展。提出目前存在土壤实时检测不成熟、变量播种位置不精准、变量补种工作速度低等问题。同时结合我国国情提出对玉米变量播种技术的发展前景和趋势加以展望, 并结合我国生产现状指出田间土壤养分快速检测技术、高排种质量和响应速度的精量播种单体、高效变量播种技术等未来玉米变量播种技术的发展方向。

关键词: 玉米, 变量播种, 变量施肥, 处方图