Abstract: Food legumes is an important edible crop in China, there are more than 20 kinds that have been cultivated, and the main varieties are mung bean, adzuki bean, broad bean, pea and kidney bean. It is an important means to promote the development of food legumes crops mechanization in China. Due to the large variety of food legumes, wide geographical distribution and various planting modes, the lack of efficient harvesting equipment is an urgent technical problem to be solved in the current production process. Through the analysis of the development status of food legumes industry at home and abroad, combined with the current research results of combined harvest technology and the particularity of mechanized harvest of food legumes, and based on the analysis of the applicability of the existing combined harvest technology, this paper puts forward the mechanized loss reduction harvest technology strategy suitable for the production of food legumes in China. The analysis shows that to reduce the harvest loss of food legumes, we need to comprehensively consider several aspects, such as the selection of suitable mechanized varieties and supporting planting agronomy, the application of multidimensional loss reduction technology of combined harvest machines and tools, and strengthening personnel skill training. The above methods can effectively reduce the loss before harvest and cutting, header loss, threshing loss and cleaning loss. At the same time through the integrated application of low loss harvesting header, efficient threshing and cleaning, and low loss material transportation technology, the harvest loss rate of food legumes combine harvester can be greatly reduced, and the loss reduction effect is remarkable.

Key words: food legumes, mechanized production, loss reduction harvest, strategy analysis, technical model

摘要： 食用豆是我国重要的食用作物，推进其机械化收获提质减损是促进产业发展的重要手段。由于食用豆种类多、地域分布广、种植模式多样，其高效收获装备较为缺乏，是当前生产中迫切需要解决的短板技术问题。结合国内外食用豆产业发展现状、当前联合收获技术研究成果和食用豆机械化收获的特殊性，在对现有联合收获技术的适用性进行分析的基础上，提出适合我国食用豆生产的机械化减损收获技术策略。主要措施包括综合考虑宜机化品种筛选及配套种植农艺、联合收获各环节协同作用和机手收获技能减损。利用以上手段可有效降低收获割前损失、割台损失、脱粒损失和清选损失，同时通过集成应用低损收获割台、高效脱粒清选和物料低损输送技术，可大幅降低食用豆联合收割机作业损失率，减损效果显著

关键词: 食用豆, 机械化生产, 减损收获, 策略分析, 技术模式