Abstract: Forage harvesting and processing machinery is of great significance to the development of animal husbandry. By analyzing the current research status and trends of forage harvesting and processing machinery at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of their development respectively. The results show that compared with foreign countries, China's forage harvesting and processing machinery has a large gap, main reason lies in the low reliability, poor operational effect, and short service life of the key cutting components of domestic machinery, which has become a technical bottleneck restricting the development of Chinas forage harvesting and processing machinery. This paper reviews the research on the materials, application, optimization design of structure and working parameters, and simulation of cutting process of key cutting components. It analyzes the current research achievements of Chinese scholars in these aspects, summarizes the breakthroughs and limitations of the current research on key cutting components, and proposes three research trends for the key cutting components of forage harvesting and processing machinery, namely, high-efficiency cutting, low-power consumption cutting, and low-damage cutting. This has important reference significance for improving the quality of domestic forage harvesting and processing machinery, breaking through the technical bottleneck of key components, and promoting the rapid and efficient development of China's animal husbandry.

Key words: forage harvesting and processing machinery, key cutting components, high-efficiency cutting, low-power cutting, low-damage cutting

摘要： 饲草料收获加工机械对畜牧业发展具有重要意义。通过分析国内外饲草料收获加工机械研究现状与趋势，分别总结国内外饲草料收获加工机械发展的优势与不足。结果表明，与国外相比，我国饲草料收获加工机械存在较大差距，其主要原因在于国产机械的关键切割部件可靠性低、作业效果差、使用寿命短，成为我国饲草料收获加工机械“卡脖子”技术难题。分别从关键切割部件材料研究与应用、结构及工作参数优化设计及切割过程仿真模拟等方面进行综述，分析当前我国研究学者在关键切割部件材料研究与应用、结构及工作参数优化设计及切割过程仿真模拟等方面的研究成果，总结当前关键切割部件研究的突破与局限，提出饲草料收获加工机械关键切割部件对饲草料高效率切割、低功耗切割、低损伤切割的三方面研究趋势，对提高国产饲草料收获加工机械产品质量，突破关键零部件“卡脖子”技术瓶颈，促进我国畜牧业快速高效发展具有重要借鉴意义。

关键词: 饲草料收获加工机械, 关键切割部件, 高效率切割, 低功耗切割, 低损伤切割