Abstract: In this paper, an optimal design idea for the feeding machine was proposed based on the characteristics of dissolved oxygen stability in the feeding area during the fixedpoint feeding. Firstly, taking vibrating feeder (VFM), pneumatic feeder (PFM) and feedingaerobic feeder (AFM) as research object, and the dissolved oxygen coefficient variation (DCV) was used as evaluation index of dissolved oxygen stability. Meanwhile, the dissolved oxygen variation law and analyzed the stability of dissolved oxygen in feeding area were based derive by the oxygen oxygen consumption model of fish and dissolved oxygen balance equation. The measured and theoretical values of DCV during the operation of the three feeders were 4356%/4228% (VFM), 1250%/1492% (PFM) and 196%/388% (AFM), respectively, which verified the validity of the dissolved oxygen stability model. In addition, the results showed that the working performance of the feeder had an important influence on the stability of dissolved oxygen. Therefore, three optimization directions were proposed, which were internal spreader, feeding mode (fixedpoint feeding to moving point feeding) and intelligent level (precise feeding and oxygenating), respectively.

Key words: fishpond culture, feeder, dissolved oxygen balance equation, dissolved oxygen stability model

摘要： 针对目前鱼塘投饲机定点投饲作业时，鱼群集中摄食而导致投饲区溶解氧不足，影响饵料利用率的问题，结合投饲区溶解氧稳定性特征规律研究提出投饲机优化设计思路。以振动式(VFM)、气动式(PFM)和风送投饲增氧一体式(AFM)3种投饲机为研究对象，基于鱼类呼吸耗氧模型及溶解氧收支平衡方程理论推导构建溶解氧稳定性模型，以溶解氧变异系数(DCV)为评价指标，深入分析投饲机作业时投饲区溶解氧变化规律。3种投饲机作业时DCV实测值和理论值分别为4356%、4228%(VFM)；1250%、1492%(PFM)；196%、388%(AFM)，验证了所构建溶解氧稳定性模型有效性，同时结果表明投饲机作业性能对溶解氧稳定性具有重要影响。基于试验结果提出溶解氧参数应作为投饲机优化设计的重要指标之一，并提出以提高投饲区溶解氧稳定性为目的，将溶解氧参数与机械参数相结合，从内部抛料结构、投饲模式(定点投饲改为动点投饲)及智能化水平(精准投饲增氧)3个方面进行投饲机优化改进的建议。

关键词: 鱼塘养殖, 投饲机, 溶解氧收支平衡方程, 溶解氧稳定性模型