Soil disinfection is a key link in the planting of facilities that directly affects the yield and quality, and steam disinfection is the most environmentally friendly and reliable disinfection method, this paper studies the heat transfer effect of steam in the substrate soil of the facility. In the course of the experiment, by building a test platform for the heat transfer performance of the substrate soil, the influence of the vent depth, steam entry time, steam pressure and soil moisture content on the lateral and longitudinal heat transfer effect of steam in the soil was studied, and the variation of soil temperature with time between the generation device and 1 h was explored. The results showed that the soil heat transfer effect was the best when the needle outlet pore depth was 160 mm, the steam pressure was 0.4 MPa, and the steam inflow time was 8 min. And the higher the soil moisture content, the better the heat transfer effect was. Under the best factor conditions, the soil temperature can quickly increase to the maximum value when the steam inflow time is 8 min, and it can basically be maintained above 60 ℃ after 30 min while meeting the disinfection requirements. After determining the optimal parameters of air outlet depth, steam inflow time, steam pressure and soil moisture content, a covertype multineedle steam disk with a movable soil steam disinfection machine is designed according to the actual disinfection requirements.

土壤消毒是设施种植中直接影响产量和品质的关键环节，而蒸汽消毒是最环保可靠的消毒方式，研究蒸汽在设施基质土壤中的传热效果。在试验过程中通过搭建基质土壤传热性能测试平台，研究出汽孔深度、蒸汽通入时间、蒸汽压力、土壤含水率各因素对蒸汽在土壤内传热效果的影响，并探究蒸汽从发生装置产生至1 h之间土壤温度随时间的变化规律。研究结果表明：当针头出汽孔深度为160 mm，蒸汽压力为0.4 MPa、通入蒸汽时间为8 min时土壤传热效果最佳，并且土壤含水率越高，其传热效果越好。在最佳因素条件下，通入蒸汽时间为8 min时土壤温度便可以迅速增长到最大值，且30 min后基本能维持在60 ℃以上同时满足杀毒要求。确定出汽孔深度、蒸汽通入时间、蒸汽压力、土壤含水率最佳参数后，结合实际消毒要求设计出一种与可移动式土壤蒸汽消毒机配套的罩盖式多针头蒸汽盘。