Abstract: During the operation of hydraulic equipment, sudden increases in load can cause hydraulic shock due to step responses in the hydraulic system. Severe hydraulic shock can damage hydraulic components and reduce working efficiency. This article explains the various methods of shock suppression from four aspects as follows: power components, actuator elements, control elements, and auxiliary elements in hydraulic systems. Signal feedback is used in power components to reduce the pump speed during reversing operation, thereby reducing the output flow rate to achieve hydraulic shock suppression. Buffers are typically used in hydraulic cylinders for shock suppression, while research on the speed fluctuation of hydraulic motors is mainly used to solve pulsation problems, which can also have an effect on shock suppression. Research on control elements mainly focuses on the interaction of various valve components and the slowing down of hydraulic shock by increasing the response speed of valve components. Research on auxiliary elements mainly focuses on optimizing and designing the structure of accumulators, and introduces the application characteristics of biomimetic pipes and dampers for absorbing hydraulic shock. Finally, it is proposed that multidisciplinary innovation can be used to analyze and improve traditional hydraulic components to suppress hydraulic shock under extreme conditions such as high pressure and high flow rates.

Key words: hydraulic system, hydraulic shock, signal feedback, accumulator, vehicle and power

摘要： 液压设备在工作时由于负载突然增大，液压系统受到阶跃响应引起液压冲击，强烈的液压冲击会导致液压元器件损坏，降低工作效率。从液压系统动力元件、执行元件、控制元件以及辅助元件四个方面进行阐述，其中动力元件主要采用信号反馈的手段使泵在系统进行换向工作时降低转速，减少输出流量以达到抑制液压冲击的目的；对执行元件中的液压缸通常是通过设置缓冲装置用来减缓冲击，而对液压马达转速波动的研究主要是用来解决脉动问题，客观上对冲击抑制也有效果；对控制元件的研究主要集中在多种阀类零件相互配合作用以及通过提高阀类零件响应速度减缓液压冲击；对辅助元件的研究主要集中在对蓄能器结构的优化和设计，同时介绍仿生管道和阻尼器吸收液压冲击的应用特点。最后提出在应对高压、大流量等极端工况下，可以通过利用多学科创新对液压传统元件进行分析与改进用来抑制液压冲击。

关键词: 液压系统, 液压冲击, 信号反馈, 蓄能器, 车辆与动力