In view of the key problems such as high plant damage rate and large loss of missed cutting in the mechanized harvesting process of Chinese chives, this study took the walking Chinese chives harvester as the working tool and Chinese chives as the working object, and carried out the optimization research on harvesting parameters based on the crop‑machinery interaction mechanism. Box—Behnken experimental design was used to construct a three‑factor and three‑level orthogonal experimental scheme, and the effects of forward speed (0.40-0.60 m/s), cutter speed (1 800-2 200 r/min) and conveying speed (0.48-0.72 m/s) on loss rate and damage rate were systematically analyzed. The mathematical model of multi‑factor interaction was established by quadratic regression orthogonal test, and the parameter combination was optimized by response surface analysis. The verification test shows that the optimal parameter combination is the forward speed of 0.50 m/s, the cutter speed of 2 000 r/min and the conveying speed of 0.60 m/s. At this time, the loss rate and damage rate are 4.71% and 2.26% respectively. The study reveals the influence mechanism of the interaction of key parameters on the harvesting performance, which can provide theoretical support for the development of intelligent control system for leek harvesting equipment. The research results can provide theoretical basis for the structural improvement and parameter optimization of leek harvesting machinery. The parameter optimization method proposed in this study has universal reference value for improving the agronomic adaptability of leafy vegetable harvesting machinery and is helpful to promote the whole mechanization development of protected vegetable production. It is of practical significance to improve the agronomic adaptability of vegetable harvesting equipment.