To facilitate the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomic practices in wheat high‑and‑low bed planting technology, the 2BFG-12 wheat high‑and‑low bed seeder was developed. This seeder integrated multiple functions, such as spiral bed formation, stepless variable speed seeding, single‑body simulation for seed and fertilizer distribution, and bed surface compaction. Based on the agronomic requirements of wheat high‑and‑low ridge planting technology, the overall structural design of the 2BFG-12 seeder was proposed. Theoretical analyses were conducted to determine the key parameters of critical components, including the spiral furrow‑forming device, seed‑fertilizer distribution and shaping unit, and compaction device. To evaluate its performance, a three factor, three‑level orthogonal experiment was conducted using furrow quality and sowing depth qualification rates as evaluation indicators. The experimental factors included spring pre‑compression adjustment, operating speed, and spiral shaft speed. The optimal parameter combination was identified as follows: spring pre‑compression of 40 mm, operating speed of 1.0 m/s, and spiral shaft speed of 100 r/min. Validation experiments conducted with the optimized parameters demonstrated that the furrow quality qualification rate reached 91.11%, while the sowing depth qualification rate was 94.66%. These results meet the operational performance quality standards specified in relevant guidelines, thereby confirming the seeder's efficacy and suitability for wheat high‑and‑low bed planting technology.