Exploring the impact of agricultural productive services on food security can help accelerate the development of agricultural modernization. Based on four subsystems of food supply security, food access security, food stability security and food sustainability security, we construct a food security evaluation index system, measure the food security level of 30 Chinese provinces by using the entropy value method, and empirically analyze the spatial spillover effect and regional heterogeneity of agricultural productive services on food security using a spatial econometric model. The results show that agricultural productive services have a significant positive spatial spillover effect on food security, i.e., agricultural productive services can not only improve the food security level of the region, but also improve the food security level of neighboring regions. By region, agricultural productive services in the main foodproducing regions and the balanced food production and marketing regions help improve food security, while the results in the main food marketing regions are not significant. Among the control variables, rural human capital can significantly improve the level of food security. Therefore, we should vigorously develop agricultural productive services, focus on the coordinated development of regional grain industries, give full play to the advantages of each production area according to local conditions, and improve the level of agricultural knowledge and professional skills of farmers.