播种机智能检测技术研究

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.20955553.2022.05.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 智能检测技术应用于播种过程，可有效解决排种存在的漏播、重播以及播种不均等问题，提高播种质量进而提高粮食产量。介绍现有的播种检测技术、地下种子非接触检测技术以及变量播种技术3方面的研究进展，重点分析播种机智能检测技术所用各类型传感器的工作原理和结构特点，总结各类型传感器的优缺点以及在实际使用中存在的问题和不足；得出光电传感器易被污染且存在检测盲区、电容传感器易受寄生电容影响且输出阻抗较大、压电传感器易造成种子拥堵以及机器视觉传感器抗干扰能力较差等问题。基于对各传感器研究的分析，指出国内播种机智能检测技术存在传感器检测精度和抗干扰能力较低、农用传感器类型单一、智能化水平较低、农业机械与检测装置不配套等问题。展望机器视觉技术在播种机智能检测的应用、红外检测和机器视觉检测在地下非接触检测的应用、智能控制系统的发展方向以及变量播种技术与3S系统的结合发展，为播种机智能检测技术的进一步优化提供参考。

关键词: 智能检测, 漏播检测, 变量播种, 传感器

Abstract: To effectively solve the problems of missed seeding, reseeding and uneven seeding in seeding, as well as to improve seeding quality and increase grain yield, intelligent detection technology was applied to the seeding process. This paper introduced the research progress of the existing seeding detection technology, underground seed noncontact detection technology and variable seeding technology. It focused on the analysis of the working principles and structural characteristics of various types of sensors used in intelligent detection technology of planters, and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various types of sensors, as well as the problems and shortcomings in actual use. It was concluded that the photoelectric sensors were easily polluted and had detection blind areas, the capacitive sensor was susceptible to parasitic capacitance, and the output impedance was large. The piezoelectric sensor easily caused seed congestion, and the machine vision sensor is antiinterference poor ability. Based on the analysis of various sensors, it summarized the problems existing in the intelligent detection of domestic planters: the low detection accuracy and antiinterference ability of sensors, the single type of agricultural sensors, the low level of intelligence, the mismatch between agricultural machinery and detection devices, etc. Additionally, the application of machine vision technology in intelligent detection of planter, the application of infrared detection and machine vision detection in underground noncontact detection, the development direction of intelligent control system and the combination of variable seeding technology and 3S system were prospected. It provides a reference for further optimization of domestic planters intelligent detection technology.

Key words: intelligent detection, missed seeding detection, variable seeding, sensor

中图分类号:

S223.2

李润涛, 王宪良, 姚艳春, 魏忠彩, 周华, 张祥彩. 播种机智能检测技术研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(5): 93-101.

Li Runtao, Wang Xianliang, Yao Yanchun, Wei Zhongcai, Zhou Hua, Zhang Xiangcai.. Research on intelligent detection technology of seed planter[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2022, 43(5): 93-101.

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