水稻钵苗机械化移栽研究现状及展望

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2025.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水稻机械化移栽是水稻生产全程机械化的重点和难点。其中水稻钵苗移栽能够提高水稻产量、改善稻米质量，但是由于钵苗移栽机构较为复杂，生产成本较高，且没有成熟的配套农艺支撑和移栽设备，尚未得到推广。基于此，分析我国水稻种植机械化发展现状，提出水稻钵苗移栽不仅具有产量优势，而且在双季稻间作、杂交稻育种等方面更符合作业要求；重点阐述国内外水稻钵苗移栽的研究现状及装备现状，介绍国内水稻钵苗移栽方式中机栽插和机抛秧两种主要类型及各自特点，从育秧技术、育秧阶段秧盘问题、机具技术发展与农户使用成本、机具区域性发展等方面分析其不足；对水稻钵苗移栽机具的发展趋势进行展望探讨，提出规范育秧、加强农机农艺结合、研制通用机具、挖掘无人机应用潜能、加快数字化智能化技术融合等建议，为后续进一步研究工作提供参考。

关键词: 水稻, 钵苗, 种植特点, 移栽优势, 机械化发展

Abstract: Mechanized transplanting of rice is a key focus and challenge in the whole process of mechanized rice production. Among them, the transplantation of rice bowl seedlings can increase rice yield and improve rice quality. However, due to the complexity of the bowl seedling transplanting mechanism, high production costs, lack of mature supporting agronomic support and transplanting equipment, it has not been widely promoted. This study examines the current development status of mechanized rice cultivation in China and the characteristics of rice planting models. Pot seedling transplanting not only demonstrates superior yield performance but also exhibits enhanced compatibility with operational requirements in practices such as double‑season rice intercropping and hybrid rice breeding. The article focuses on the current research status and equipment status of rice bowl seedling transplanting at home and abroad, introduces the two main types of rice bowl seedling transplanting methods in China: mechanical planting and mechanical seedling throwing, and their respective characteristics. The shortcomings are analyzed from the aspects of seedling raising technology, seedling tray problem in seedling raising stage, the development of machinery and tools technology and the use cost of farmers, and the regional development of machinery and tools. The article also discusses the development trends of rice bowl seedling transplanting machines, proposes suggestions such as standardizing seedling raising, strengthening the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, developing universal machinery, exploring the potential applications of drones, and accelerating the integration of digitalization and intelligent technologies, providing reference for further research work.

Key words: rice, bowl?seedlings, growth characteristics, transplanting advantages, mechanized development

中图分类号:

S223.9

原培超, 纪要, 张文毅, 周洵泽. 水稻钵苗机械化移栽研究现状及展望[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(4): 29-34.

Yuan Peichao, Ji Yao, Zhang Wenyi, Zhou Xunze. Research status and prospects of mechanized transplanting of bowl‑seedlings in rice[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(4): 29-34.

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