双盘轮播式水稻精量穴播机设计与试验

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095‑5553.2025.02.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对水稻精量穴播存在播种效率低、穴合格率低和漏播率大等问题，设计一种带有智能监测装置的双盘轮播式水稻精量穴播机。根据稻种在导种通道的运动轨迹，确定核心部件导种通道的结构，基于光栅对射法设计带有四排对射光电传感器的监测装置，并基于C语言编写控制软件，在监测过程中实现稻种数量数据信号的精确采集和处理，有效提升双盘轮播式精量穴播机的播种性能。利用自制的播种性能检测试验台，对播种盘转速和振动电压进行单因素、两因素三水平试验，确定较优的性能指标：振动电压为80~85 V、播种盘转速为2.5~3.5 r/min时，穴播机的穴合格率均值超过91%，漏播率不超过3.5%，重播率不超过3.6%。可为其他同类装置的设计提供参考。

关键词: 水稻, 双盘轮播, 精量穴播, 监测装置, 导种通道

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low seeding efficiency, low hole qualification rate and large missed seeding rate in rice precision hole sowing, a double‑disk rotary rice precision hole sowing machine with an intelligent monitoring device was designed. According to the movement trajectory of rice seed in the seed spout, the structure of the core component of the seed spout was determined. Based on the grating alignment method designed with four rows of photoelectric sensors of the monitoring device hardware, and also based on the C language design of the control software , in the monitoring process, the data signal of rice seed quantity was precisely collected and processed, and the seeding performance of the precision point planter with double‑disc wheel sowing was effectively improved. With the help of self‑made sowing performance testing test bench, single‑factor and two‑factor three‑level tests were carried out on the sowing disc speed and vibration voltage, the optimal performance indicators were determined as follows: when the vibration voltage was between 80-85 V and the sowing disc speed was between 2.5-3.5 r/min, the average hole qualified rate reached or exceeded 91%, the miss‑seeding rate did not exceed 3.5%, the reseeding rate did not exceed 3.6%. Verifying the effectiveness of the device can provide useful references for the design of other similar devices.

Key words: rice, double?disk rotation, precision hill?drop seeding, monitoring system, seed spout

中图分类号:

S223.2+3

王英杰, 朱景建, 刘国文. 双盘轮播式水稻精量穴播机设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(2): 27-34.

Wang Yingjie, Zhu Jingjian, Liu Guowen. Design and experiment of double‑disk rotary precision hill‑drop seeding device for rice [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(2): 27-34.

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