Most sugarcane planting areas in southern China are hilly and mountainous areas with complex terrain. When sugarcane harvesters operate in the field, the cutting quality of sugarcane perennial roots is poor. Whether the cutter head can better realize profiling in the vertical direction directly affects the cutting quality of sugarcane roots and the service life of the cutter. The cutter head profiling cannot be well realized in the existing sugarcane harvesters. In view of this problem, a set of cutter head profiling systems is designed. Ultrasonic is used for ranging, the position of the ranging device is selected, the control system based on AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer is designed, the electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve is used to control the hydraulic cylinder, PID algorithm based on fuzzy control is proposed, and the motion of the hydraulic cylinder is optimized and simulated. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional PID control, the overshoot of fuzzy PID control is only 6%, and the cutter head displacement time is only 0.15 s, then the system tends to be stable.