In order to solve the problems of high labor and low efficiency of tobacco semitransplanting, a symmetrical staggered automatic seedling picking device was designed. First of all, the principle of the automatic seedling picking device for staggered picking of two trays of seedlings was described, and the kinetic and kinematic models of the picking and dropping operation were established. Then, the key components of the seedling picking device such as tray feeding device, seedling picking device and automatic control system were designed, the operation process of the key components was analyzed, and the selection of key components was completed according to the actual requirements. Finally, Based on the existing transplanter power chassis, a prototype of 2ZY-1 tobacco transplanter was made, and the performance test was conducted with 60dayold tobacco seedlings in the field. The test results showed that the success rate of seedling picking was 89.63%, the success rate of seedling dropping was 97.20% and the injury rate was 3.59% when the automatic seedling picking and dropping speed was around 20 plants/min.

 The longterm existence of small farmer household is the reality of agricultural development in China, and the improvement of the degree of peasant household organization is of great significance to the development of modern agriculture. At present, the regional specialization pattern of traditional Chinese medicine industry in Longxi County has been formed, but the industrial organization mode based on market random type leads to the low degree of peasant household organization. Therefore, taking the farmers of traditional Chinese medicine in Longxi County as the investigation object, and relying on the regional specialized production pattern of traditional Chinese medicine, based on 223 samples of pharmaceutical farmers data, the multivariate ordered Probit model is used to analyze the factors that affect the degree of farmers organization, and to discuss how farmers participate in the operation of industrial organizations. The results show that whether farmers carry out land transfer, whether they participate in order agriculture, whether they can obtain loans, the ways to purchase agricultural materials, the input fees for agricultural machinery, whether they have participated in planting technical training, and their satisfaction with institutions or organizations in the promotion of production technology, the importance of signing contracts or cooperation with cooperatives (or enterprises) to their own production, whether signing contracts or cooperation with cooperatives (or enterprises) can increase income and other factors, it can significantly affect the degree of peasant household organization.

The promotion of soybean and corn strip compound planting mode is one of the important measures to revitalize domestic soybeans and increase oil production capacity, which can effectively alleviate the difficulties of Chinas soybean dependence on foreign countries and high import pressure. Based on the analysis of the promotion and implementation of soybean and corn strip compound planting mode in southwest China, Huanghuaihai and northwest China in 2022, this paper summarizes the current status of mechanized technology and equipment for soybean and corn strip compound planting in each region. It is proposed that the problems faced by the mechanization of soybean and corn strip compound planting mainly include the lack of special tools for herbicide spraying and harvesting, the serious shortage of existing available production equipment, the low quality of mechanical operation, poor applicability, and nonstandard operation of machine operators. In view of the existing technical problems, the phased development suggestions of mechanization technology and equipment for soybean and corn strip compound planting production in China are put forward, and the method of first partial and then all, easy and then difficult is gradually promoted, first solving the problem of mechanization in Huanghuaihai and northwest China, and then conducting research and development for hilly and mountainous areas to realize the whole process of mechanization in most parts of the country, and finally comprehensively using electronic information and sensor technologies such as autonomous navigation assistance driving technology, autonomous avoidance technology and remote sensing telemetry technology to improve the mechanization technology level of machine tools. It provides a reference for promoting the comprehensive mechanization and highquality development of Chinas soybean and corn strip compound planting mode.

Aiming at the problems of low efficiency caused by high labor intensity, high cost, and complex process of traditional tuckahoe peeling, the control system of Poria cocos automatic peeling machine based on PLC is designed and developed, and the overall design scheme of the control system is completed. The equipment uses a DOP-B07SS441 touch screen for humancomputer interaction interface design, flexibly assigns the I/O address of the PLC control system, and analyzes the main software and hardware of the system. The response speed, running stability, peeling efficiency, and loss rate were used as the evaluation indexes for experimental verification. The results show that the control system of the Poria cocos automatic peeling machine based on PLC has a fast response speed and stable operation. The error is maintained within 0.03 s, and the peeling loss rate is 9.92%, which meets the requirements of peeling processing in origin. Compared with manual peeling, it simplifies the peeling process and improves the peeling efficiency by 31.2%. This research is of great significance to promote the intelligent development of the Poria peeler and improve the efficiency of the Poria peeler and has great popularization and application value.

In recent years, the growing global demand for Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has led to a continually increase in planting area under CHM, and the demand for harvesting machines for Rhizome Chinese herbal medicine (RCHM) enlarges. At present, the harvesting methods of RCHM in China are still mainly manual harvesting and small & mediumsized excavator harvesting. The low level of mechanization and low production efficiency have seriously restricted the development of CHM industry. This paper briefly describes the current situation of planting CHM in China, and comprehensively analyzes the application and current situation of harvesting mechanization of RCHM, as well as focus on the research on the key components of excavation mechanical structure, separation mechanical structure and conveying mechanical structure. The main existing problems of RCHM harvester is summarized: the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy is insufficient, the enthusiasm for developing combine harvesters is not high, lack of systematic research on harvest rate and damage rate, and lack of research on intelligent regulation technology of harvesting operation. This paper expounds lowconsumption and deepexcavation technology, flexible and low loss technology and intelligent control technology are the future development trend of mechanization of RCHM in China. In order to provide reference for the research of RCHM harvesters, so as to promote the further development of harvesting mechanization of RCHM.

 The construction of socialized agricultural service is one of the main contents of the process of agricultural modernization in China, which plays an important supporting role in solving the hot issues of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, such as the organic connection between small farmers and the development of agricultural modernization and the cultivation of new agricultural management subjects. Under the background of rural revitalization, the research on socialized agricultural service has become the focus of scholars attention. By combing the existing research results, it is found that the establishment of agricultural socialized service cooperatives in China has achieved certain results, the scope of agricultural services has increased, and the service model and service subjects show a diversified trend. It is concluded that there are some problems in socialized agricultural service, such as low efficiency of government management, lack of targeted policies, slow construction of new agricultural socialized service system, low level of service, imbalance of personnel structure, and shortage of professionals in the socialized agricultural service system. Socialized agricultural service organization capacity is insufficient, and service supply is not balanced. For this reason, it is put forward that the construction of socialized agricultural service in China should develop to optimize the government management system, perfect the agricultural socialized service system, speed up the training of new talents, and strengthen the ability of service organization. It is pointed out that the future construction of socialized agricultural service should strengthen academic discussion and practice in the aspects of service content, basic theory, and small farmersresearch.

In order to solve the problems of high soil moisture content in strawberry planting season in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, such as Jiangsu and Anhui, easy slippage of traditional strawberry ridge machines, insufficient ridge height, low efficiency, and single function, a tracked selfpropelled strawberry ridging and fertilizing machine was developed. The machine was powered by the rubber crawler chassis. It adopted furrow setting for soil cultivation, ridge forming device for soil gathering, and the comprehensive ridge raising technology for ridge copying and suppression. It used the layer fertilizing device to complete the layer fertilizing operation of the ridge body. Through theoretical analysis and 3D modeling, the structural parameters of key components such as rotary tillage ditching device, ridge copying suppression device, and layer fertilization device were determined. The static fertilizer discharge performance test and field operation performance test of the machine were carried out. The test results showed that the coefficient of variation of consistent fertilizer discharge of each row was 4.32%, and the coefficient of variation of total fertilizer discharge stability was 3.45%. The average ridge height was 352 mm, the average ridge spacing was 943 mm, and the application alignment accuracy was 11 mm. The surface of the ridge body was smooth, and the furrows were clean, which can realize rotary tillage, ridge raising, and precise stratified fertilization of the ridge body in the opposite position and meet the agronomic requirements of strawberry ridge raising fertilization.

 The variable application technology aims to improve the utilization rate of pesticides, reduce agricultural costs, appropriately reduce the amount of pesticides, reduce pesticide residues, and reduce environmental pollution. It is an important topic in precision agriculture and the development direction of pesticide application technology. This paper summarizes the field information collection method, the variable application control method, and the variable application control algorithm in the key technology of variable application. Firstly, the field information acquisition technology based on geographic information technology and realtime sensor technology is explained. The second analysis includes variable pressure regulation, chemical concentration regulation, and pulse width modulation variable application control methods and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each control method. Pulse width modulation has broad application prospects because of its better dynamic response characteristics and flow regulation performance. Finally, the most important variable application control algorithms (fuzzy control algorithm, PID control algorithm, and BP neural network) are summarized and researched. It is understood that the combination and improvement of different algorithms improve the variable application control performance. Aiming at the problems of domestic variable application technology, suggestions are made to provide a certain reference for the development and promotion of variable application technology in my country.

In order to meet the needs of variable spray technology for boom sprayers, a variable spray control and test bench for boom sprayers were designed to realize real-time control and performance testing of existing variable spray devices. The variable spray control and test bench are composed of a control system and a data acquisition system. The control system is based on Siemens S7-200 series PLC, which is composed of a power system, drive system, flow system, and variable control system. The data acquisition system uses data acquisition modules and sensors to obtain pipeline flow, pressure, torque, driving speed and other parameters. Real-time display and storage of the collected parameters can be achieved through LabVIEW software. The flow accuracy test under the speed condition shows that the average flow error is 4.0%, which can be used as a technical reference for judging the performance of the variable spray device. The test shows that the test bench can effectively control the variable spray control components of the boom sprayer in real-time to meet the requirements of the boom sprayer. The performance test requirements of variable spray control components of sprayers provide technical reference for the formulation of technical specifications for variable spray quality evaluation.

The droplet size is an important indicator of performance evaluation of plant protection spray and work quality machinery. It is the key technical parameters to achieve pesticides zero-growth and precision spraying. The study of best biological particle size in pesticide use and the study of immersion models and fog droplets evaporation deposition models are related to the size of the fog droplet size. This paper summarizes the various fog droplets test techniques. The fog droplet diameter of Φ0.3 mm, Φ0.7 mm, Φ1.0 mm, Φ1.3 mm, and Φ1.6 mm are measured and evaluated. Analysis of the sources of uncertainty during the measurement process were performed. The results show that when the inclusion probability is 95%, the minimum expanded uncertainty of the measurement results is 6.63%, the maximum expanded uncertainty is 9.18%, and the average expanded uncertainty is 7.38%. The laser particle size analyzer is accurate and reliable in measuring the particle size of the droplets, which can meet the needs of the droplet particle size testing of plant protection machinery.