Aiming at the problems of large pruning volume, low resource utilization rate, and high cost of leaving the orchard, a grape branch picking and crushing collection machine was designed  by integrating harvesting, picking, crushing, and collection operations. The structure and working principle of the entire machine were explained, and key components such as the collection device, picking and feeding device, and crushing device were designed and analyzed based on the characteristics of grape branches. The performance test results show that under the condition of an average moisture content of 60.5% in grape branches, with a working speed of 1.4 km/h, a crushing shaft speed of 2280 r/min, and a feeding roller speed of 147 r/min, the picking rate is 95.41%, and the crushing length qualification rate is 94.87%. The operation performance of the machine is stable and effective, which can meet the requirements of grape branch crushing and collection.

The structure and dynamic parameters of the crawler electric working platform were developed according to the requirements of the multi-ecological three-dimensional planting mode for mechanization and the agronomic parameters of the new planting mode. Through describing  the structure and working principle of the  whole machine, the structural design and dynamic parameter calculation of the key components such as crawler power chassis and hydraulic lifting platform had been  carried out. At the same time, the drive control system had been developed. The driving speed, endurance and minimum passing circle tests were carried out on the electric working platform. The test results showed that the electric working platform had achieved the design requirement of rated load of 200 kg. The average driving speed of slow-speed gear was 0.40 m/s, and the average driving speed of fast-speed gear was 0.98 m/s. The operating endurance under 100 kg load could reached 4.69 h, and the power supply of lithium battery was stable. The minimum passing circle diameter was 1.54 m. At last but not least, the performance indexed that the crawler type electric working platform had realized the mechanized material handling and auxiliary ascent operation in multi-dimensional ecological planting facilities.

Rape plant is high and large with branches implicated, fried pods, large mechanized harvesting loss in harvest period. In order to reduce the rape harvest loss of combine harvester, the rape cutter of 4LZ-4.0 grain combine harvester was redesigned by lengthening the cutter 450mm, installing 1150mm doubleacting cutter halfdistance stroke vertical side cutting knife, adjusting the reel wheel center position, reducing reel wheel speed to 12-21r/min, heightening 400mm side rear wall and other methods. The field harvest loss comparative experiment of three rape planting modes were carried out on the prototype, the results showed that the rape cutter loss rate was 4.44%, the total loss rate was 6.60% (<8.00%), 45% and 36% lower than before improvement respectively. It has proved that the design has certain production practice reference value for the harvester rape cutter loss rate.

The orchard twig shredder is an important tool for orchard twig treatment and efficient resource utilization. It has certain ecological benefits for environmental protection. The control system is the key core component of the twig shredder, and its performance directly affects the performance and effect of the whole machine. The research status of the control system of the orchard shoot shredder at home and abroad is expounded from three aspects: the feeding control system, the crushing control system and the collecting box control system. It is analyzed that the current control system of orchard shoot shredder in my country has the problems of simple control system, poor stability, relatively single function and lack of innovation. It points out the development trend of improving control technology, improving automation and intelligence level, supporting each other with multiple systems, and reducing the production of ecological environment pollution and so on. It provides a reference for the study of the control system of the orchard shoot shredder.

Under the dual pressure of agricultural production increase and ecological protection, it is fundamental to investigate whether agricultural production agglomeration improves environmental efficiency. The establishment of major grain producing areas is regarded as a quasi natural experiment to improve the degree of agricultural production agglomeration in some provinces. Taking major grain producing areas as the experimental group and non major grain producing areas as the control group, the PSM⁃DID model was constructed to investigate the impact of agricultural production agglomeration on environmental efficiency, and the specific impact path was tested. The results showed that compared with the non main producing areas, the coefficient of the establishment of the main grain producing areas affecting the environmental efficiency was 0.031 1, which is significant at the 1% significance level, that is, agricultural production agglomeration improved the environmental efficiency. Only the interaction between agricultural production agglomeration and fertilizer consumption was significantly positive, with a coefficient of 0.004 9, which was the main path of agricultural production agglomeration to improve the environmental efficiency. Due to the reduction of negative externalities of chemical fertilizer application, the lack of seed quality, the aging of agricultural labor force, and the lack of effective utilization of agricultural machinery were not conducive to the improvement of environmental efficiency caused by agricultural production agglomeration. This conclusion meant that agricultural production agglomeration could promote the coordinated development of economic benefits and environmental benefits, which made the realization of “green development” and “two mountain theory” possible. In the future, the potential of agricultural mechanization to improve environmental efficiency should be further stimulated in the process of agricultural production agglomeration.

Aiming at the problems of high operation intensity, high cost and inability to adjust the parameters of the mechanical flower thinning device in the flower thinning link, and combined with the agronomic requirements of the modern orchard planting mode, a traction flower thinning machine is designed. By adjusting the main parameters such as the rotating speed of the thinning machine, the working position, the cutting angle and the interval of the rubber strips, the thinning operation is carried out, so as to improve the use range of the device in the management of the orchard, and the traction mechanism, transmission mechanism, link mechanism, rack, Hydraulic motor, guide rail, rotating shaft, rubber strip for structural design. Combined with the working environment and load force of the thinning machine, the hydraulic control system is selected and designed. It is determined that the hydraulic cylinder is 25 mm, the diameter of the piston rod is 13 mm, the maximum load is 2.5 MPa, the length of the guide sleeve is 17 mm, the hydraulic pump is 2.5 MPa, the motor is 2.5 kW, and also to verify the stability of the piston rod. Field tests show that when the forward speed of the whole machine is 4 km/h, the speed of the glue strip is 300-400 r/min, and the interval between the glue strips is 5 cm, the thinning rate is 29%-35%, which meets the agronomic requirements of the flower thinning stage.

We established the temperature field model of tea slitting parts in view of the poor uniformity of the temperature in pot sink of tea slitter by using Computer Fluent Dynamic (CFD). We measured the operating temperature of tea slitting parts by using PT100 temperature sensor and compared it with the temperature at the same position in the temperature field model. The relative maximum error between measured temperature and simulated temperature was 12.1 ℃, the relative average error was 9.5 ℃, the absolute maximum error was 5.9% and the absolute average error was 4.67%, which showed that it was feasible to use the model to simulate the temperature field of slitting parts. And we used this model to optimize the design of slitting parts. The temperature uniformity coefficient of the midplane of slitting parts increased from 0.847 to 0.935 and the temperature uniformity increased by 10.4% when the ring resistance wire was arranged according to the interval gradient of 125 mm, 105 mm, 85 mm and 65 mm, which provided a way to further improve the temperature uniformity of slitting parts.

Flower and fruit thinning is an important link in orchard management, and it is one of the most effective measures to ensure orchard yield and fruit quality. At present, flower and fruit thinning in China is mainly manual, and the degree of mechanical equipment is low. The lack of scientific management technology, backward automation management level, and the labor shortage have become the biggest obstacles to developing orchards in China. The traditional manual operation methods could not meet the demand of orchards. Full automation and mechanization problems need to be solved. In this paper, the hydrophobic flower thinning stage management technology, mechanical equipment, and chemical treatment methods at home and abroad were analyzed. Looking forward to the orchard flower and fruit thinning management technology, this paper puts forward that the orchard flower and fruit thinning will gradually develop towards automation, intelligence, and precision in the future, and puts forward development ideas and Countermeasures for comprehensively improving the orchard management level in China.