In order to research the influence of peanut seed shape size, hill-drop planter rotating speed, and seed extractor structure on the seeding performance of hill-drop planter, peanut seeds were divided into three levels according to the shape size.In this study, models of hill-drop planter and seeds were designed using EDEM software, which simulated seeding performance under different grades of peanut seeds at different rotational speeds and structural parameters. The simulation results showed that with the increase of the working speed, the qualification index of the hill-drop planter for all levels of peanuts showed a decreasing trend. When the working speed was greater than 40 r/min, the qualification index dropped significantly. When the working speed was rated and the dimensions of the side hole and cavity were 40 mm and 30 mm, respectively, the seed metering performance of large seeds was the best, and the qualification index was 91.37%. When the sizes of the side holes and the cavity were 32 mm and 25 mm, the seeding performance of the medium seeds was the best and qualified. The index was 93.07%.When the size of the side hole and the cavity were 28 mm and 20 mm, the seeding performance of small seeds was the best, and the pass index was 93.02%. It could be seen that the adaptability of the seed and the seed extractor affects the seeding performance. The field comparison test indicated that when the working speed of the hill-drop planter was 40 r/min, the length of the side hole of the seeder was 32 mm, and the length of the cavity was 25 mm, the seeding performance of the hill-drop planter for all levels of peanut seeds was consistent with the simulation change law. It was feasible to apply the discrete element analysis method to the hill-drop planter.This research provided a theoretical basis for the optimal design of the hill-drop planter.