In view of the lack of research on the by-product management specifications of agricultural machinery research institutes in China, in order to formulate the by-product management specifications in line with its characteristics and reduce the loss of state-owned assets, the characteristics of the by-product production of agricultural machinery research were analyzed and put forward based on the description of the by-product management of planting agricultural research. The first characteristic was that the production of scientific by-products of agricultural machinery was not targeted at agricultural breeding. The second characteristic was the small amount of research by-products produced. The third characteristic was that agricultural machinery scientific research by-products damage was difficult to reach the requirements of marketing. The fourth characteristic was that there were fewer scientific research by-products such as scientific research machines or spare parts that can be marketed. The fifth characteristic was that agricultural machinery products on the market sales need qualification appraisal or certification of the subject was not scientific research units. And the management measures of scientific by-products in representative agricultural machinery research institutes were analyzed. New measures were put forward, such as the need to clarify the subject of responsibility for the management of scientific research by-products, ledger registration, disposal principles, methods and procedures, requirements for revenue and expenditure management, supervision and “red line”. It can be used as a reference for other domestic agricultural machinery research institutes to improve the management of scientific by-products.