Computer vision is a field that involves enabling machines to “see”. This technology uses cameras and computers instead of human eyes to identify, track, and measure targets for further image processing. With the development of computer vision, this technology has found widespread applications in modern agriculture and has played a crucial role in its advancement. Firstly, the concept, components, and working principles of computer vision are detailed. Secondly, the research progress and applications of computer vision technology in areas such as aquaculture, livestock farming, crop growth monitoring, crop pest surveillance, and fruit and vegetable recognition, positioning, and harvesting are introduced both domestically and internationally. Through analysis, it is found that existing technology can promote the development of modern agricultural automation, realizing advantages of low cost, high efficiency, and high precision. However, future technologies will continue to expand into new application areas in modern agriculture, bringing about more technical challenges that need to be overcome. Finally, the paper systematically summarizes and analyzes the applications and challenges of computer vision technology in modern agriculture, discussing future opportunities and prospects, providing the latest references for researchers.

 In the field operation of the planter in the clean wheat area of the whole straw stubble field, the quality of straw mulching cannot be guaranteed due to the mismatch between the straw delivery rate and the speed of the uniform scatters device, resulting in problems such as low seedling emergence rate and poor seedling uniformity. Aiming to solve this problem, a set of strawspreading automatic control systems was designed. The system used STM32 singlechip microcomputer as the main control unit, used the phase difference torque detection device to collect the torque of the cutter roller shaft, and realized the adaptive adjustment of the speed of uniform scatters device through the indirect detection of the straw delivery rate. In order to verify the effect of the system, the cutter roller shaft spined at a top speed of 2 200 r/min, and the tractor was running at five common speeds, which were 0.9 m/s, 1.0 m/s, 1.1 m/s, 1.2 m/s, 1.3 m/s, respectively. A comparative test was carried out with or without the automatic control system of straw scattering and covering. In this experiment, without an automatic control system, the uniform scatters device rotated at 800 r/min. In contrast, the rotation speed of the uniform scatters device was automatically adjusted with the system, and the adjustment range was 600-1 200 r/min. The test results indicated that, in the same working conditions, after using the automatic control system for straw scattering and covering, the unevenness of straw spreading can be maintained below 15%, which improves the operational performance of the machine.

In response to the requirements of the development of green and sustainable agriculture, the strip tillage has been popularized and applied in rice and wheat planting areas in southern China. In order to simplify the effect of tillage components on the quality of strip tillage, field experiments were carried out on chisel blade, straight blade and IT225 blade at 280, 380 and 510 r/min. The results show that the main factors affecting the tillage quality are the shape of the blade and the rotary speed. When the rotary speed is 510 r/min, the soil backfill rate created by IT225 blade is only 7%, and the backfilling effect is significantly lower than that of the straight blade and chisel blade with small tangent edge. Chisel blade can achieve better backfill and soil crushing effects, but it is unable to create a neat seedbed section due to the lack of side cutting edge. When the rotary speed is 180 r/min, the crosssection disturbance rate of the seed bed of the chisel blade is as high as 20%. The straight blade can form a neat crosssection of the seed bed and a soil backfill rate higher than 50%, but the particle size of the broken soil is too large to meet the needs of sowing. This study points out the direction for the optimization of belt rotary tillage components, that is, taking into account the characteristics of straight blade rotary tillage knife and chisel rotary tillage knife, and organically combining two or several knives to meet the needs of belt rotary tillage and seeding under different soil conditions.

With the implementation of the strategy to make potato a staple food, the potato industry receives more attention in China. Combined harvest is an important part of potato production, and the key to potato harvest quality is separation of potato and soil. In order to further understand and master the research status of separation technology of potato and soil at home and abroad, the study was overviewed and analyzed. In the paper, the principle and structure of several different separation technologies such as vibration separation with rod, vibrationswing combined separation, poking roller shoving separation and rotary separation were expounded. Besides, the secondary separation form of potato and soil in combined harvest was analyzed. The application of potato and soil separation device in current combined harvest was introduced. It confirmed that the main problem of potato combined harvest was the contradiction between separation effect and damage rate. The mentality of design of the separation of potato and soil from different soil types and planting areas was analyzed, and three respects e.i. intelligence, compound, greening were prospected for the future, so as to provide some reference for scholars engaged in related research.

Grain production in Jiangsu Province was dominated by rice-wheat rotation, and stubble connection was especially tight, so the requirements of mechanized sowing equipment for wheat after rice were also increasing. Based on the introduction of the seeding methods of wheat after rice in Jiangsu Province, this paper described the general situation of five types of wheat after rice mechanized seeding technology in Jiangsu Province. There were some existing problems in mechanized sowing of wheat after rice in Jiangsu, such as large amount of full straw returning to the field, high cost of comprehensive utilization after removing the straw from the field, difficulty in sowing wheat in wet and bad fields, high production cost of mechanized sowing, and difficulty in subsidizing new products. Measures and suggestions were put forward, such as strengthening the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy according to local conditions, vigorously promoting land circulation, moderately developing large-scale and intensive management, and accelerating the research and development of new mechanized sowing machines and tools for wheat after rice in Jiang.