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Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

JCAM

Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

   

Design and experiment of gather straws rotary tillage fertilizer planter in 2BFGK-12 for wheat after rice seeder

Zhang Jin1, 2, Xue Yaguang1, Liu Xujie1, Shan Haiyong1, Wu Chongyou2, Liu Jian1   

2BFGK-12稻茬麦集秸旋耕施肥播种机设计与试验

张晋1, 2，薛亚光1，刘旭杰1，单海勇1，吴崇友2，刘建1   

  1. 1. 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所/南通市循环农业重点实验室，江苏南通，226012；2. 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所，南京市，210014

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目(NJ2020—04)；江苏省科技项目（BE2020388）；江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所青年科技基金(YJ(2022)006)

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Abstract: In response to the problems of poor supporting agricultural machinery, heavy sticky soil and difficulty in returning straw to the field when sowing wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the technical model of "inter-row straw mulching and returning to the field in wide and narrow rows" was developed, which has the technical features of inter-row straw collection, strip rototilling, concentrated fertilizer application, clean area sowing and counter-row suppression. By establishing the mechanical model of straw row covering movement, the key components such as auger type straw row covering device, ditching rotary tillage integrated device, centralized fertilization device, floating soil cover plate and row roller were designed, and a rotary tillage fertilization seeder in wheat cleaning area after rice stubble was developed. The results of the field trial showed that the combination of straw inter-row mulching and wide and narrow row planting effectively solved the problems of poor quality of the rice stubble wheat seed bed. The cleanliness of the area was 87.69%, the average row spacing was 148 mm in the narrow rows of wheat and 304 mm in the wide rows, with a coefficient of variation of 5.36%, the average sowing depth was 33 mm, the sowing depth pass rate was 95.76%, the seed drying rate was 0.98% and the broken soil rate was 86.01%. Fertiliser application was concentrated before ploughing, with an average depth of 65 mm and a pass rate of 94.63%, all meeting national standards. The average depth of the furrow was 175 mm and the width of the furrow surface was 198 mm, which met the drainage requirements. The actual yield of the trial field was 8.059 2×103 kg/hm2, more than 20% higher than the average yield, 31.24% reduction in fuel consumption compared to full width seeders. The study provided agricultural machinery support for the green and low-carbon conservation tillage technology model for rice stubble wheat, and promoted the efficient and rapid integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy.

Key words: wheat after rice, clean area planter, rice straw returning, combination of farm machinery with agronomy

摘要： 针对长江中下游稻麦轮作区小麦播种作业时，存在抢季节耕种农机配套性差、土壤黏重以及秸秆还田难等问题，创制“稻茬麦秸秆行间集覆还田宽窄行种植”技术模式，此模式具有行间集秸、条带旋耕、集中施肥、洁区播种以及对行镇压等技术特征，通过建立秸秆行间集覆运动的力学模型，设计绞龙式秸秆行间集覆装置、开沟旋耕一体式装置、集中施肥装置、浮动覆土板以及对行镇压器等关键部件，研制一种稻茬麦洁区旋耕施肥播种机。田间试验结果表明，秸秆行间集覆还田与宽窄行种植结合有效提高稻茬麦种床整地质量，洁区洁净度87.69%，小麦窄行平均行距为148 mm，宽行行距平均为304 mm，行距变异系数为5.36%，平均播深为33 mm，播深合格率为 95.76%，晾籽率0.98%，碎土率为86.01%。施肥方式为耕前集中施肥，平均施肥深度为65 mm，施肥深度合格率为94.63%，均满足国家标准。厢沟平均深度为175 mm，沟面宽度为198 mm，满足排水要求。试验田实际产量为8.0592×103 kg/hm2，高出平均产量20%以上，油耗较对比机型降低31.24%。该研究为稻茬麦绿色低碳保护性耕作技术模式提供农机支撑，促进农机农艺高效快速融合。

关键词: 稻茬麦, 洁区播种机, 稻秸还田, 机艺融合

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