农机社会化服务利用水平对农户生产效率的影响——以内蒙古玉米种植户为例

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2024.06.046

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农机社会化服务体系是小农户与现代农业连接的重要渠道，有必要厘清农机社会化服务与农业生产效率之间的逻辑关系，进而为构建高效的农机社会化服务体系提供实证依据。利用三阶段DEA模型，在剥离外部环境变量和随机噪声影响的基础上，对玉米种植户的生产效率进行测算；并采用Tobit模型，考察农机社会化服务利用水平与农机租用渠道对玉米种植户生产效率的影响。结果表明：对比三阶段DEA模型第一阶段与第三阶段的效率评价结果可发现，农户的纯技术效率由0.689提高至0.958，而综合效率与规模效率分别从0.505与0.720降低到0.440与0.462，表明剔除外部环境变量与随机噪声，有助于获得更为真实的玉米种植户生产效率；农机社会化服务利用水平对玉米种植户生产效率具有显著正向影响；稳定的农机租用渠道有助于玉米生产效率的提高。据此，应进一步加深农机社会化服务与农业生产结合程度，构建稳定的农机社会化服务租用渠道，充分发挥好农机社会化服务体系对农户生产效率的促进作用。

关键词: 生产效率, 农机社会化服务, 利用水平, 租用渠道

Abstract:

The socialized service system of agricultural machinery is an important channel to connect small farmers with modern agriculture, it is necessary to clarify the logical relationship between the socialized service of agricultural machinery and agricultural production efficiency, so as to provide an empirical basis for the construction of an efficient socialized service system of agricultural machinery. This article uses three-stage DEA model to calculate the production efficiency of corn growers by removing away external environmental variables and random noise effects, and uses the Tobit model to analyze the impact of the level of the utilization level of agricultural machinery socialized services and stable agricultural machinery rental channels on the production efficiency of corn growers. The results show that compared with the efficiency evaluation results of the first stages and third stages of the three-stage DEA model, it can be found that the pure technical efficiency of farmers has increased from 0.689 to 0.958, while the comprehensive efficiency and scale efficiency have decreased from 0.505 and 0.720 to 0.440 and 0.462, respectively, indicating that removing external environmental variables and random noise is helpful to obtain more realistic production efficiency of corn growers. The utilization level of socialized service of agricultural machinery has a significant positive impact on the production efficiency of corn growers. The stable agricultural machinery rental channels could improve the efficiency of corn production. Therefore, this article thinks that it should further deepen the degree of integration between socialized service of agricultural machinery and agricultural production, build a stable rental channel of socialized service of agricultural machinery, and fully leverage the role of the socialized service system of agricultural machinery in promoting the production efficiency of farmers.

Key words: , production efficiency, socialized service of agricultural machinery, utilization level, rental channels

中图分类号:

F326.1

张佳妮, 侯国庆, 邢伶. 农机社会化服务利用水平对农户生产效率的影响——以内蒙古玉米种植户为例[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(6): 320-329.

Zhang Jiani, Hou Guoqing, Xing Ling. Influence of the utilization level of agricultural machinery socialized service on farmers production efficiency: A case study of corn growers in Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2024, 45(6): 320-329.

参考文献

［1］　罗必良, 胡新艳, 张露. 为小农户服务：中国现代农业发展的“第三条道路”［J］. 农村经济, 2021(1): 1-10.

Luo Biliang, Hu Xinyan, Zhang Lu. To serve small farmers: “the third path” in the development of modern agriculture in China ［J］. Rural Economy, 2021(1): 1-10.

［2］　胡祎, 张正河. 农机服务对小麦生产技术效率有影响吗?［J］. 中国农村经济, 2018(5): 68-83.

Hu Yi, Zhang Zhenghe. The impact of agricultural machinery service on technical efficiency of wheat production ［J］. Chinese Rural Economy, 2018(5): 68-83.

［3］　杨志海. 生产环节外包改善了农户福利吗?——来自长江流域水稻种植农户的证据［J］. 中国农村经济, 2019(4): 73-91.

Yang Zhihai. Can outsourcing of agricultural production improve the welfare of farm households? Evidence from rice farmers in yangtze valley ［J］. Chinese Rural Economy, 2019(4): 73-91.

［4］　邱海兰, 罗明忠, 唐超. 农机社会化服务采纳、效率提升与农户相对贫困缓解——基于城乡比较视角［J］. 农村经济, 2021(5): 109-117.

Qiu Hailan, Luo Mingzhong, Tang Chao. Adoption of socialized agricultural machinery services, improvement of efficiency and alleviation of relative poverty of farmers: From the perspective of urban and rural comparison ［J］. Rural Economy, 2021(5): 109-117.

［5］　刘凤芹. 农业土地规模经营的条件与效果研究: 以东北农村为例［J］. 管理世界, 2006(9): 71-79, 171-172.Liu Fengqin. A study of the conditions of the scale operation of farmland, and of the effect there of: Taking the northeastern countryside as a case ［J］. Journal of Management World, 2006(9): 71-79, 171-172.

［6］　胡雯, 张锦华, 陈昭玖. 小农户与大生产:农地规模与农业资本化——以农机作业服务为例［J］. 农业技术经济, 2019(6): 82-96.

Hu Wen, Zhang Jinhua, Chen Zhaojiu. Small farmer and large scale production: Farmland scale and agricultural capital deepening: Taking agricultural machinery operation service as example ［J］. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2019(6): 82-96.

［7］　武舜臣, 宦梅丽, 马婕. 服务外包程度与粮食生产效率提升: 农机作业外包更具优势吗?［J］. 当代经济管理, 2021, 43(3): 49-56.

Wu Shunchen, Huan Meili, Ma Jie. Outsourcing degree of service and the improvement of grain production efficiency: Is outsourcing agricultural machinery more efficient?［J］. Contemporary Economic Management,2021, 43(3): 49-56.

［8］　孙剑, 黄宗煌. 农户农业服务渠道选择行为与影响因素的实证研究［J］. 农业技术经济, 2009(1): 67-74.

Sun Jian, Huang Zonghuang. An empirical study on farmers choice behavior and influencing factors of agricultural service channels ［J］. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2009(1): 67-74.

［9］　李颖慧, 李敬. 农业生产性服务供给渠道的有效性:农户收入和满意度视角——基于西南4省市问卷调查数据的实证分析［J］. 西部论坛, 2019, 29(2): 53-63.

Li Yinghui, Li Jing. Effectiveness of agricultural productive services supply in china from the perspective of income growth and satisfaction of farmers: Empirical analysis based on questionnaire data of four provinces in Southwest China ［J］. West Forum, 2019, 29(2): 53-63.

［10］　章德宾. 不同蔬菜种植规模农户农业生产效率研究: 主产区2009—2016年的调查［J］. 农业技术经济, 2018(7): 41-50.

Zhang Debin. Study on vegetable production efficiency by scale: Evidence from 2009—2016 surveys in main vegetable production areas ［J］. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2018(7): 41-50.

［11］　贾琳, 夏英. 农户粮食生产规模效率及其影响因素分析——基于黑、豫、川三省玉米种植户的调查数据［J］. 资源科学, 2017, 39(5): 924-933.

Jia Lin, Xia Ying. Scale efficiency of grain production and influencing factors based on survey data from Heilongjiang,Henan and Sichuan ［J］. Resources Science, 2017, 39(5): 924-933.

［12］　钱忠好, 李友艺. 家庭农场的效率及其决定——基于上海松江943户家庭农场2017年数据的实证研究［J］. 管理世界, 2020, 36(4): 168-181, 219.

Qian Zhonghao, Li Youyi. The values and influence factors of family farms’ efficiency ［J］. Management World, 2020, 36(4): 168-181, 219.

［13］　谢冬梅, 汪希成. 我国玉米供需结构的地区差异与生产效率评价［J］. 财经科学, 2017(11): 121-132.

Xie Dongmei, Wang Xicheng. Regional differences and production efficiency evaluation of corn supply and demand structure in China ［J］. Finance & Economics, 2017(11): 121-132.

［14］　胡逸文, 霍学喜. 不同规模农户粮食生产效率研究［J］. 统计与决策, 2017(17): 105-109.

Hu Yiwen, Huo Xuexi. Study on grain production efficiency of different scale farmers ［J］. Statistics & Decision, 2017(17): 105-109.

［15］　张启楠, 张凡凡, 陈学军. 我国粮食主产区生产效率测算研究［J］. 价格理论与实践, 2018(9): 155-158.

Zhang Qinan, Zhang Fanfan, Chen Xuejun. Research on calculation of production efficiency in main grain production areas in China ［J］. Price: Theory & Practice, 2018(9): 155-158.

［16］　许锦英, 卢进. 农机服务产业化与我国农业生产方式的变革［J］. 农业技术经济, 2000(2): 60-64.

Xu Jinying, Lu Jin. The industrialization of agricultural machinery service and the transformation of Chinas agricultural production mode ［J］. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2000(2): 60-64.

［17］　孙艳, 石志恒, 孙鹏飞. 规模经营能否提高种植大户的经营效率——以甘肃玉米种植大户为例［J］. 中国农业资源与区划, 2019, 40(3): 78-84.

Sun Yan, Shi Zhiheng, Sun Pengfei. Can scale management improve the management efficiency of large-scale corn planter： A case study of large-scale corn planters in Gansu ［J］. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2019, 40(3): 78-84.

［18］　王玉斌, 李乾. 农业生产性服务、粮食增产与农民增收——基于CHIP数据的实证分析［J］. 财经科学, 2019(3): 92-104.

Wang Yubin, Li Qian. Agricultural productive service, grain yield and increasing farmers’ income: An empirical analysis based on the CHIP data ［J］. Finance & Economics, 2019(3): 92-104.

［19］　董欢, 郭晓鸣. 生产性服务与传统农业: 改造抑或延续——基于四川省501份农户家庭问卷的实证分析［J］. 经济学家, 2014(6): 84-90.

Dong Huan, Guo Xiaoming. Productive services and traditional agriculture: transformation or continuation: An empirical analysis based on 501 household questionnaires in Sichuan Province ［J］. Economist, 2014(6): 84-90.

［20］　陈超, 李寅秋, 廖西元. 水稻生产环节外包的生产率效应分析——基于江苏省三县的面板数据［J］. 中国农村经济, 2012(2): 86-96.

Chen Chao, Li Yinqiu, Liao Xiyuan. Analysis of productivity effect of rice production outsourcing: Based on panel data of three counties in Jiangsu Province ［J］. Chinese Rural Economy, 2012(2): 86-96.

［21］　郭如良, 刘子玉, 陈江华. 农户兼业化、土地细碎化与农机社会化服务——以江西省为例［J］. 农业现代化研究, 2020, 41(1): 135-143.

Guo Ruliang, Liu Ziyu, Chen Jianghua. Part-time farming, land fragmentation, and socialized agricultural machinery service: A case study of Jiangxi Province ［J］. Research of Agricultural Modernization，2020, 41(1): 135-143.

［22］　许佳彬, 王洋. 农业生产性服务对玉米生产技术效率的影响研究——基于微观数据的实证分析［J］. 中国农业资源与区划, 2021, 42(7): 27-36.

Xu Jiabin, Wang Yang. Study on the influence of agricultural productive services on corn production technical efficiency: Empirical analysis based on micro data ［J］. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2021, 42(7): 27-36.

［23］　杨彩艳, 齐振宏, 黄炜虹, 等. 农业社会化服务有利于农业生产效率的提高吗?——基于三阶段DEA模型的实证分析［J］. 中国农业大学学报, 2018, 23(11): 232-244.

Yang Caiyan, Qi Zhenhong, Huang Weihong, et al. Is agricultural socialized service conducive to the improvement of agricultural production efficiency? An empirical analysis based on three stage DEA model ［J］. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2018, 23(11): 232-244.

［24］　焦源. 山东省农业生产效率评价研究［J］. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2013, 23(12): 105-110.

Jiao Yuan. Evaluation research of agricultural production efficiency in Shandong Province ［J］. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2013, 23(12): 105-110.

［25］　郭军华, 倪明, 李帮义. 基于三阶段DEA模型的农业生产效率研究［J］. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2010, 27(12): 27-38.

Guo Junhua, Ni Ming, Li Bangyi. Research on agricultural production efficiency based on three stage DEA model ［J］. Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics, 2010, 27(12): 27-38.

［26］　杨子, 饶芳萍, 诸培新. 农业社会化服务对土地规模经营的影响——基于农户土地转入视角的实证分析［J］. 中国农村经济, 2019(3): 82-95.

Yang Zi, Rao Fangping, Zhu Peixin. The impact of specialized agricultural services on land scale management: An empirical analysis from the perspective of farmers land transferin ［J］. Chinese Rural Economy, 2019(3): 82-95.

［27］　仇童伟, 何勤英, 罗必良. 谁更能从农机服务中获益——基于小麦产出率的分析［J］. 农业技术经济, 2021(9): 4-15.

Qiu Tongwei, He Qinying, Luo Biliang. Who can benefit more from agricultural mechanization services? Evidence from wheat productivity ［J］. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2021(9): 4-15.

［28］　陈哲, 李晓静, 夏显力. 参与环节外包对农户生产效率的影响研究——基于陕西省关中平原887户农户调研数据［J］. 农业技术经济, 2022(4)： 1-14.

Chen Zhe, Li Xiaojing, Xia Xianli. Study on the influence of outsourcing service on farmers production efficiency: Based on the survey data of 887 farmers in Guanzhong Plain of Shanxi Province ［J］. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2022(4)： 1-14.

［29］　李承政, 顾海英, 史清华. 农地配置扭曲与流转效率研究——基于1995—2007浙江样本的实证［J］. 经济科学, 2015(3): 42-54.

Li Chengzheng, Gu Haiying, Shi Qinghua. Study on distortion of rural land allocation and transfer efficiency: Empirical study based on Zhejiang samples from 1995 to 2007［J］. Economic Science, 2015(3): 42-54.

［30］　袁航, 段鹏飞, 刘景景. 关于农业效率对农户农地流转行为影响争议的一个解答——基于农户模型(AHM)与CFPS数据的分析［J］. 农业技术经济, 2018(10): 4-16.

Yuan Hang, Duan Pengfei, Liu Jingjing. An answer to the dispute of the effect of agricultural efficiency on agricultural land transfer: Based on an improved rural Household Model and CFPS data ［J］. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2018(10): 4-16.

[1]	李秋生, 傅青, 刘小春. 劳动力转移、农业机械权属与农户生产效率[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(6): 294-302.
[2]	朱玲, 张仁慧, 赵凯. 农机服务采纳对农户粮食生产效率的影响——基于耕地禀赋的调节效应[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(4): 284-293.
[3]	贺登科, 何蒲明, 魏君英. 信息获取渠道对农机社会化服务的影响研究——基于非农就业视角[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(4): 321-336.
[4]	童彤, 戴浩, 魏君英, 李爱杰. 农机社会化服务绿色效率的时空动态演进及其影响因素研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(3): 287-295.
[5]	袁澳, 吴雪莲, 李傲波. 农机社会化服务对城乡经济融合发展的影响研究——以长江经济带为例[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(3): 296-303.
[6]	冯高缘, 戴浩, 樊帆. 农村人口老龄化对农机社会化服务的影响[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(2): 329-336.
[7]	张泽文, 张德硕, 崔茂森. 农机社会化服务对粮食绿色生产效率的影响分析[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(8): 221-230.
[8]	李焕, 余国新, 王贵荣. 新疆棉花生产效率及其时空分异研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(8): 243-249.
[9]	马玉婷, 陈彤, 赵向豪. 生产效率视域下加工番茄生产要素冗余的区域差异及影响因素[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(4): 222-229.
[10]	戴军, 冯年华, 姚志友, 苏慧. 基于“效率—生态—经营”测度的江苏农业现代化时空耦合[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(12): 239-248.
[11]	杨小杰, 文媚, 赵茁会, 王霜. 丘陵地区农业机械化率影响因素研究——基于四川省10个典型县(市、区)的质性研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(11): 224-230.
[12]	颜华, 吕小伟, 张梅. 农机社会化服务对农民种粮积极性的影响研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(8): 199-207.
[13]	林文姬, 苏向辉, 马瑛, 李淑敏, 曾德鹏. 农机社会化服务对我国农地生产效率的影响——基于三阶段DEA和Tobit模型的实证研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(11): 239-248.
[14]	邱溆;杨丽;. 我国农机社会化服务供给效率及其影响因素——基于DEA-Tobit两步法分析[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(7): 209-214+236.
[15]	雷哓晖;吕晓兰;张美娜;马拯胞;常有宏;Andreas Herbst;. 电动甩绳式疏花机在翠冠梨园中的试验研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2020, 41(9): 47-52.