农机社会化服务对我国农地生产效率的影响——基于三阶段DEA和Tobit模型的实证研究

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2022.11.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在“土地规模化”与“服务规模化”并行推进农业生产效率的大背景下，探讨农机社会化服务对农地生产效率的影响有助于明晰今后农地规模化的发展方向和路径。基于三阶段DEA模型，剔除环境和随机因素干扰，测算2019年31个地区的农地生产效率，进一步运用Tobit模型分析农机社会化服务对农地生产效率的影响。结果表明：调整前我国农地综合效率均值为0.769，纯技术效率均值为0.847，规模效率均值为0.912，调整前纯技术效率偏低是农地综合效率不高的主要原因；调整后我国农地综合效率均值为0.714，纯技术效率均值为0.869，规模效率均值为0.807，与调整前相比，纯技术效率提高2.6%，综合效率和规模效率分别下降7.15%、11.51%，规模报酬递增的地区明显增多，但不同地区之间效率差异明显，且规模效率偏低是导致综合效率不高的主要因素；在影响因素上，农机社会化服务对农地生产效率呈较为显著的正相关。可通过因地制宜发展农机社会化服务、推进农机社会化服务的产业化发展以及大力培育农机社会化服务组织和农机作业人员来提高农地生产效率。

关键词: 农地生产效率, 农机社会化服务, 三阶段DEA-Tobit模型

Abstract: In the context of “land scale” and “service scale” advancing agricultural production efficiency in parallel, exploring the impact of agricultural machinery socialization services on agricultural land production efficiency will help clarify the future development direction and path of agricultural land scale. Based on the threestage DEA model, excluding the interference of environment and random factors, the production efficiency of agricultural land in 31 provinces in 2019 was calculated, and the Tobit model was further used to analyze the impact of agricultural machinery social services on the production efficiency of agricultural land. The results showed that before the adjustment, the average comprehensive efficiency of agricultural land in our country was 0.769, the average pure technical efficiency was 0.847, and the average scale efficiency was 0912. The low pure technical efficiency before the adjustment was the main reason for the low comprehensive efficiency of agricultural land; after the adjustment, the average comprehensive efficiency of agricultural land in our country was 0.714, the average pure technical efficiency was 0.869, and the average scale efficiency was 0807. Compared with that of beforeadjustment, the pure technical efficiency has increased by 2.6%, and the comprehensive efficiency and scale efficiency have decreased by 7.15% and 11.51% respectively. Provinces with increasing returns to scale increased significantly, but the efficiency difference between different provinces was obvious, and the low scale efficiency was the main factor leading to the low overall efficiency; in terms of influencing factors, the socialization of agricultural machinery services had a significant positive correlation with the efficiency of farmland production. The production efficiency of agricultural land could be improved by developing socialized agricultural machinery services according to local conditions, promoting the industrialization of socialized agricultural machinery services, and vigorously cultivating agricultural machinery socialized service organizations and agricultural machinery operators.

Key words: farmland production efficiency, agricultural machinery socialization services, threestage DEA-Tobit model

中图分类号:

F301

林文姬, 苏向辉, 马瑛, 李淑敏, 曾德鹏. 农机社会化服务对我国农地生产效率的影响——基于三阶段DEA和Tobit模型的实证研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(11): 239-248.

Lin Wenji, Su Xianghui, Ma Ying, Li Shumin, Zeng Depeng.. Impact of agricultural machinery socialization services on farmland production efficiency in our country: Empirical research based on threestage DEA-Tobit models[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2022, 43(11): 239-248.

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