智能电控精量播种技术研究现状及展望

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2022.12.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 精量播种可有效减少种子使用数量，节省成本开支，且通过精量播种的农作物生长质量较高。为把握国内外电控精量播种技术的发展水平，从精量播种在线检测技术、播种量控制技术和补种技术开展研究，重点分析光电传感器检测、压电传感器检测、电容传感器检测、视觉图像检测和精量播种控制技术的优缺点；指出我国精量播种机缺乏标准化、高精度传感器研发力度不足、智能控制技术不成熟等问题，并提出相关建议；最后，结合国内外发展现状，展望我国精量播种技术在多机协同、远程控制、智能控制等方向的发展趋势，为今后研究人员了解我国电控精量播种技术提供一定的参考。

关键词: 电控系统, 精量播种, 检测技术, 智能化, 漏播补种

Abstract: Precision sowing can effectively reduce the number of seeds used, save costs and money, and the quality of crops grown through precision sowing is high. In order to grasp the development level of electronically controlled precision sowing technology at home and abroad, this paper carries out research from precision sowing online detection technology, sowing volume control technology and seed replenishment technology, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of photoelectric sensor detection, piezoelectric sensor detection, capacitive sensor detection, visual image detection and precision sowing control technology; and points out the lack of standardization of precision sowing machines in China, insufficient research and development of high precision sensors, and immature intelligent control technology. Finally, combined with the current development situation at home and abroad, the development trend of Chinas precision sowing technology in the direction of multimachine collaboration, remote control and intelligent control is to provide some reference for future researchers to understand electronically controlled precision sowing technology in China.

Key words: electronic control system, precision seeding, detection technology, intelligence, missed seeding replenishment

中图分类号:

S223.2

陈书法, 冯博, 芦新春, 牛晏瑞, 张海峰. 智能电控精量播种技术研究现状及展望[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(12): 5-12.

Chen Shufa, Feng Bo, Lu Xinchun, Niu Yanrui, Zhang Haifeng. Research progress and prospect of intelligent electronic control precision seeding technology[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2022, 43(12): 5-12.

参考文献

［1］　
丁幼春, 王凯阳, 刘晓东, 等. 中小粒径种子播种检测技术研究进展［J］. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(8): 30-41.

Ding Youchun, Wang Kaiyang, Liu Xiaodong, et al. Research progress of seeding detection technology for medium and smallsize seeds ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2021, 37(8): 30-41.

［2］　
Karthikeyan P R, Chandrasekaran Gokul, Kumar Neelam Sanjeev, et al. IoT based moisture control and temperature monitoring in smart farming ［J］. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, 1964(6): 062056.

［3］　
Ramasamy S S. Sustainable development in agriculture through information and communication technology (ICT) for smarter India: Sustainable agricultural development through ICT in India ［J］. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development, 2021, 12(3): 79-87.

［4］　
罗锡文, 廖娟, 胡炼, 等. 我国智能农机的研究进展与无人农场的实践［J］. 华南农业大学学报, 2021, 42(6): 8-17, 5.

Luo Xiwen, Liao Juan, Hu Lian, et al. Research progress of intelligent agricultural machinery and practice of unmanned farm in China ［J］. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2021, 42(6): 8-17, 5.

［5］　
He X, Zhang D, Yang L, et al. Design and experiment of a GPS-based turn compensation system for improving the seeding uniformity of maize planter ［J］. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2021, 187(22): 106250.

［6］　
冯玉岗, 金诚谦, 袁文胜, 等. 基于卫星测速小麦精量电驱式播种控制系统［J］. 中国农机化学报, 2020, 41(12): 124-130.

Feng Yugang, Jin Chengqian, Yuan Wensheng, et al. Research on precision electric seeding control system based on satellite velocity measurement for wheat ［J］. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2020, 41(12): 124-130.

［7］　
万星宇, 廖庆喜, 廖宜涛, 等. 油菜全产业链机械化智能化关键技术装备研究现状及发展趋势［J］. 华中农业大学学报, 2021, 40(2): 24-44.

Wan Xingyu, Liao Qingxi, Liao Yitao, et al. Situation and prospect of key technology and equipment in mechanization and intelligentization of rapeseed whole industry chain ［J］. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2021, 40(2): 24-44.

［8］　
Nielsen S K, Munkholm L J, Lamandé M, et al. Seed drill depth control system for precision seeding ［J］. Computers and electronics in Agriculture, 2018, 144: 174-180.

［9］　
廖宜涛, 李成良, 廖庆喜, 等. 播种机导种技术与装置研究进展分析［J］. 农业机械学报, 2020, 51(12): 1-14.

Liao Yitao, Li Chengliang, Liao Qingxi, et al. Research progress of seed guiding technology and device of planter ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2020, 51(12): 1-14.

［10］　
杨硕, 王秀, 高原源, 等. 玉米精密播种粒距在线监测与漏播预警系统研究［J］. 农业机械学报, 2021, 52(3): 17-24, 35.

Yang Shuo, Wang Xiu, Gao Yuanyuan, et al. Design of online seed spacing monitoring and miss seeding warning system for maize precision planting ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2021, 52(3): 17-24, 35.

［11］　
金敏峰. 小麦播种施肥一体机及其播量检测装置的设计与试验［D］. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2019.

［12］　
李甜, 席新明. 漏播检测技术的现状与发展趋势［J］. 北京农业, 2016(2): 43-44.

［13］　
陈建国. 小麦精量播种与精准控制智能决策系统研究与设计［D］. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2019.

［14］　
邹贻俊. 水稻直播机播量控制系统设计与试验［D］. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2014.

［15］　
Karimi H, Navid H, Besharati B, et al. A practical approach to comparative design of noncontact sensing techniques for seed flow rate detection ［J］. Computers and electronics in agriculture, 2017, 142: 165-172.

［16］　
谯睿, 杨文彩, 韩文霆, 等. 三七精密播种机漏播重播检测系统设计与试验［J］. 传感技术学报, 2019, 32(7): 1115-1122.

Qiao Rui, Yang Wencai, Han Wenting, et al. Design and test of missed broadcast and over sowing system for panax precision seeder ［J］. Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators, 2019, 32(7): 1115-1122.

［17］　
解春季, 杨丽, 张东兴, 等. 基于激光传感器的播种参数监测方法［J］. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(3): 140-146.

Xie Chunji, Yang Li, Zhang Dongxing, et al. Seeding parameter monitoring method based on laser sensors ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2021, 37(3): 140-146.

［18］　
曹叶, 王旭峰, 王龙, 等. 精量穴播器排种性能检测方法研究分析及展望［J］. 新疆农机化, 2020(6): 19-24.

Cao Ye, Wang Xufeng, Wang Long, et al. Research and prospect of seed metering performance of precise dibbler ［J］. Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization, 2020(6): 19-24.

［19］　
刘亚明, 邢剑飞, 王龙. 基于光电传感器的排种性能检测装置的设计与试验［J］. 塔里木大学学报, 2019, 31(4): 65-72.

Liu Yaming, Xing Jianfei, Wang Long. Design and test of seeding performance testing device based on photoelectric sensor ［J］. Journal of Tarim University, 2019, 31(4): 65-72.

［20］　
汤允猛. 玉米精量播种机排种监测系统设计［D］. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2019.

［21］　
Hoberge S, Hilleringmann U, Jochheim C, et al. Piezoelectric sensor array with evaluation electronic for counting grains in seed drills ［C］. Africon. IEEE, 2011.

［22］　
赵博, 樊学谦, 周利明, 等. 气流输送播种机压电式流量传感器设计与试验［J］. 农业机械学报, 2020, 51(8): 55-61.

Zhao Bo, Fan Xueqian, Zhou Liming, et al. Design and test of piezoelectric flow sensor for pneumatic seeder ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2020, 51(8): 55-61.

［23］　
张曌. 压电冲击式水稻穴直播精准实时监测系统设计与试验［D］. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2019.

［24］　
Wang Tongzhao, Quan Qiquan, Tang Dewei, et al. Effect of hyperthermal cryogenic environments on the performance of piezoelectric transducer ［J］. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 193.

［25］　
赵程, 蒋春燕, 张学伍, 等. 压电传感器测量原理及其敏感元件材料的研究进展［J］. 机械工程材料, 2020, 44(6): 93-98.

Zhao Cheng, Jiang Chunyan, Zhang Xuewu, et al. Piezoelectric sensor measurement principles and research sensitive element materials ［J］. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 44(6): 93-98.

［26］　
Yang T, Li X, Sun X, et al. An embedded capacitive sensor for insitu angular detection of micromotor ［J］. Microelectronics Journal, 2021, 114: 105088.

［27］　
Taghinezhad J, Alimardani R, Jafary A. Design a capacitive sensor for rapid monitoring of seed rate of sugarcane planter ［J］. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 2013, 15(4): 23-29.

［28］　
Snell H G J, Oberndorfer C, Lücke W, et al. PAPrecision agriculture: Use of electromagnetic fields for the determination of the dry matter content of chopped maize ［J］. Biosystems Engineering, 2002, 82(3): 269-277.

［29］　
陈建国, 李彦明, 覃程锦, 等. 小麦播种量电容法检测系统设计与试验［J］. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(18): 51-58.

Chen Jianguo, Li Yanming, Qin Chengjin, et al. Design and test of capacitive detection system for wheat seeding quantity ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(18): 51-58.

［30］　
刘坤. 玉米精量播种装置排种性能电容法检测机理与方法研究［D］. 大庆: 黑龙江八一农垦大学, 2019.

［31］　
任德良. 电容式排种性能检测传感器试验研究［D］. 长春: 吉林大学, 2014.

［32］　
Zhang Y, Zhu B, Xie B, et al. Visual image and radio signal fusion identification based on convolutional neural networks ［J］. Journal of Optics, 2021, 50(2): 237-244.

［33］　
苑严伟, 白慧娟, 方宪法, 等. 玉米播种与测控技术研究进展［J］. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(9): 1-18.

Fan Yanwei, Bai Huijuan, Fang Xianfa, et al. Research progress on maize seeding and its measurement and control technology ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(9): 1-18.

［34］　
Lin H B, Dong S L, Qiu Y, et al. Research of wheat precision seeding test system based on image processing ［J］. Advanced Materials Research, 2011, 311: 1559-1563.

［35］　
Navid H, Ebrahimian S, Gassemzadeh H R, et al. Laboratory evaluation of seed metering device using image processing method ［J］. Australian journal of agricultural Engineering, 2011, 2(1): 1-4.

［36］　
刘长青, 陈兵旗, 张新会, 等. 玉米定向精播种粒形态与品质动态检测方法［J］. 农业机械学报, 2015, 46(9): 47-54.

Liu Changqing, Chen Bingqi, Zhang Xinhui, et al. Dynamic detection of corn seeds for directional precision seeding ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2015, 46(9): 47-54.

［37］　
赵郑斌, 刘昱程, 刘忠军, 等. 基于机器视觉的穴盘精密播种性能检测系统［J］. 农业机械学报, 2014, 45(S1): 24-28.

Zhao Zhengbin, Liu Yucheng, Liu Zhongjun, et al. Performance detection system of tray precision seeder based on machine vision ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2014, 45(S1): 24-28.

［38］　
史永博, 帅超, 王海刚. 浅谈机器视觉在农产品检测中的应用［J］. 数码世界, 2020(6): 45.

［39］　
唐利忠, 谢宜芝, 孙小成, 等. 播种量和施肥量对南方春大豆产量形成和机收质量的影响［J］. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(8): 1-7.

［40］　
王丽丽, 梁学修, 胡小鹿, 等. 气流输送式播种机测控技术研究进展［J］. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(2): 15-24.

Wang Lili, Liang Xuexiu, Hu Xiaolu, et al. Research progress on measurement and control technology for pneumatic seeder ［J］. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2021, 42(2): 15-24.

［41］　
马斯奇奥MT型气吸式精量播种机优势［J］. 现代化农业, 2014(4): 69.

［42］　
He X, Ding Y, Zhang D, et al. Design and evaluation of PID electronic control system for seed meters for maize precision planting ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33(17): 28-33.

［43］　
闫青. 电控排种系统设计及试验研究［D］. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2020.

［44］　
丁筱玲. 小麦智能精播系统及自主导航机理研究与实现［D］. 济南: 山东大学, 2018.

[1]	高昂, 卢传兵, 任龙龙, 李玲, 沈向, 宋月鹏, . 基于改进YOLOX-s的苹果花生长状态检测方法及验证分析[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(8): 162-167.
[2]	陈锦, 刘云强, 王威, 王璐, 刘立晶, . 播种机监控系统技术研究现状与展望[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(6): 161-167.
[3]	王鹏, 金诚谦, , 王超, 李盼盼, 赵紫皓. 谷物联合收获机脱粒系统研究现状[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(5): 48-57.
[4]	王金武, 杨会民, 陈毅飞, 周欣, 蒋永新, 张佳喜. 国内仿形技术在农用机械上的应用分析[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(4): 31-39.
[5]	杨昌敏, 易文裕, 赵帮泰, 程方平, 张巍, 刘琳. 水肥一体化技术的应用——以四川桑园为例[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(4): 71-75.
[6]	刘海, 杜铮, 李旭, 郭翔, 涂建东, 万勇. 小白菜种子机械物理特性试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(3): 88-93.
[7]	赵男, 金诚谦, 王超, 唐小涵, 郭榛. 谷物联合收获机清选系统智能化技术研究进展[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(3): 163-170.
[8]	王江, 李浩, 马志伟, 郝建军, 刘文科. 国内外设施蔬菜机械化发展现状分析及对策[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(1): 124-130.
[9]	邹亮亮, , 刘雪美, , 苑进, , 董小花. 叶菜机械化收获技术与装备研究进展[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(6): 15-23.
[10]	欧阳安, 樊晨龙, 赵慧慧, 董佳琪, 焦雨轩. 玉米全程机械化现状与装备研究进展[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(6): 207-214.
[11]	古冬冬, 关阳, 张征, 杨杰, 赵俊强, 范素香. 基于新能源技术的夏玉米穴施肥作业电控设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(5): 121-126.
[12]	杨昌敏, 易文裕, 邱云桥, 赵帮泰, 程方平, 陈昶. 育苗精量播种机研究现状及发展分析[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(4): 183-188.
[13]	刘华伟, 张萍, 杨晓慧, 邓玉杰, 李柯莹, 张国海. 国内谷物联合收获机割台智能化现状与发展研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(4): 189-197.
[14]	张林娜, 汪新勃, 封伟, 张增, 孙铁玉. 综合智能化农机示范园区示范效果评价研究——以宁夏回族自治区为例[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(12): 221-226.
[15]	刘思幸, 柴岩, 柳天虹, 李爽, 缪宏, 韩非. 基于卡尔曼滤波PID控制的精量排种器优化设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(11): 1-8.