关键词: 食用菌装袋机, 菌棒密度, 控制系统, 模糊PID, 智能农机

Abstract: To address the common problem of uneven density in mushroom sticks produced by edible mushroom bagging machines, a density control system was developed based on the physical properties of bulk edible mushroom cultivation media. The system employed a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) as the core controller and integrated a fuzzy PID control algorithm to establish a closed-loop density regulation mechanism. A high-precision pressure sensor was used to monitor the pressure at the end of the cylinder during the bagging process, with 300 N identified as the standard pressure corresponding to optimal mushroom stick density. In field tests, preset values of 250 N, 300 N and 350 N were used to assess the impact of pressure, bagging speed, and density uniformity (measured by coefficient of variation) on control performance. The results showed that under three preset values, the fuzzy PID control system reached the target pressure in 0.413s, 0.477s and 0.613s, respectively, which were faster by 0.491s, 0.427s and 0.291s compared to the uncontrolled group. The corresponding coefficients of variation were 2.324%, 1.913%, and 2.649%, representing reductions of 19.559%, 19.970%, and 19.234%, respectively, over the uncontrolled group. These findings demonstrate that the proposed density control system significantly improved the uniformity of mushroom stick density, thereby offering a solid theoretical foundation for enhancing the performance of edible mushroom bagging machines.

Key words:  , edible fungi bagging machine, mushroom rod density, control system, fuzzy PID, intelligent agricultural machinery