小型施肥机施肥检测系统设计与试验

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2025.07.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决小型施肥机施肥量在线检测的问题，设计一种基于电容传感器的施肥机施肥量检测系统。该检测系统以STM32F103C8T6单片机为核心，由电容极板、FDC2214电容传感器芯片及其他硬件电路组成。通过电容传感器获取肥料下落时引起的平行极板间的电容变化量，将电容信号转变为数字信号并输入给单片机，经过单片机程序的储存和处理，将测得的电容值与肥料质量显示在OLED显示屏上，同时通过串口通信将数据传输给计算机。搭建外槽轮式排肥器排肥量检测系统平台，建立复合肥料质量流量与电容变化量之间的数学关系模型，并在不同的工作条件下对模型进行试验验证。结果表明，电容变化量与平行极板间肥料质量的线性相关系数为0.989，拟合效果显著。温度会导致检测系统的误差变大，但检测系统对施肥量的测量相对误差整体不超过8.07%，能够满足设计和实际生产作业要求。

关键词: 小型施肥机, 施肥检测系统, 电容检测, 单片机, 传感器, 肥料质量

Abstract: To address the issue of online fertilization measurement in small fertilization machines, a detection system based on a capacitive sensor was designed. This system is centered around the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller and comprises a capacitive plate, an FDC2214 capacitive sensor chip, and other hardware circuits. It captures the change in capacitance between parallel plates caused by the falling of fertilizer, converting the capacitive signal into a digital one for processing and storage by the microcontroller. The measured capacitance values, correlated with the mass of the fertilizer, are displayed on an OLED screen, and data can be transferred to a computer via serial communication. A testing platform for the fertilizer distribution system of an external trough wheel-type fertilizer applicator was constructed, establishing a mathematical model relating the mass flow rate of compound fertilizer to changes in capacitance. This model was experimentally validated under various working conditions. The results demonstrated a linear correlation coefficient of 0.989 between the change in capacitance and the mass of fertilizer between the plates, indicating a significant fit. Although temperature variations could increase the error margin of the detection system, the overall relative measurement error for fertilization quantity did not exceed 8.07%, meeting both design and practical production requirements.

Key words: small fertilizer applicator, fertilizer mass detection system, capacitance measurement, microcontroller, sensors, fertilizer mass

中图分类号:

S224.2

曲龙龙, 吴雪梅, 何格, 符德龙, 孙希文. 小型施肥机施肥检测系统设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(7): 206-210.

Qu Longlong, Wu Xuemei, He Ge, Fu Delong, Sun Xiwen. Design and test of fertilizer mass detection system for small fertilizer applicator[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(7): 206-210.

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