果园仿形风送喷雾机构设计与试验

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095⁃5553.2022.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为执行农药精准喷施，提高农药有效利用率，提出一种多自由度对称式二级摇臂机构，根据果树仿形风送式喷雾技术原理，设计一种作业姿态和喷雾距离实时可调的仿形喷雾机构。通过数学建模与软件优化，推导出喷雾点运动学方程，得到喷雾机单侧最大作业高度和宽度分别为2 951.5 mm、1 704.5 mm，横向和纵向可调节最大值分别为695.4 mm、680.4 mm，实现喷雾距离精准可调；机构运行过程中各铰接点处最大受力仅为338.94 N，保证工作平稳可靠。机构的响应特性结果显示，柔性仿形机构运行稳定，水平伸缩全程时间为12.5 s，升降全程时间为36.2 s，单一推杆全程伸出平均时间为19.2 s。喷雾沉积特性试验结果表明仿形喷雾雾滴覆盖率平均值达43.85%，变异系数平均值26.63%，优于固定喷雾整体雾滴覆盖率平均值29.97%，变异系数平均值39.05%。该研究为仿形喷雾机具的设计与应用提供技术支撑。

关键词: 果树, 喷雾机, 仿形喷雾, 沉积特性, 雾滴, 覆盖率

Abstract: In order to execute precise spraying and improve the utilization rate of pesticide, a multi⁃degree⁃of⁃freedom symmetrical two⁃stage rocker mechanism was proposed. According to the principle of wind driven spray technology for fruit trees, a real time adjustable spraying mechanism based on working attitude and spray distance was designed. Through mathematical modeling and software optimization, the spray point kinematics equation was deduced. The maximum height and width of the sprayer were 2 951.5 mm and 1 704.5 mm, respectively, and the maximum lateral and longitudinal adjustable values were 695.4 mm and 680.4 mm, respectively, which made the spray distance precise and adjustable. The maximum force of each hinge point was only 338.94 N during the operation, which ensured stable and reliable work. The response characteristics of the mechanism showed that the flexible profiling mechanism operated stably.The horizontal expansion time of the mechanism was 12.5 s, and the lifting time was 36.2 s, while the extension time of each putter was 19.2 s.The spray deposition characteristics test showed that the coverage rate of the profiling spray was 43.85%, and the coefficient of variation was 26.63%, which was better than the fixed spray’s 29.97% and 39.05%. This study provides technical support for the design and application of profiling spray equipment.

Key words: fruit tree, spray machine, profiling spray, deposition characteristics, droplet, coverage

中图分类号:

S491

房开拓, 周良富, 尤丽华. 果园仿形风送喷雾机构设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(3): 68-74.

Fang Kaituo, Zhou Liangfu, You Lihua.. Design and evaluation of orchard profiling pneumatic sprayer[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2022, 43(3): 68-74.

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