南疆机采棉田利于残膜回收的宽窄双膜栽培模式研究

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.20955553.2022.05.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为从根本上解决南疆机采棉田残膜污染严重、残膜回收成本高，以及机采原棉含杂率较高的问题。在常规机采棉田一膜4行、株行距配置为（66+10）cm的基础上，发明了一种利于残膜回收的宽窄双膜栽培模式T（上、下膜宽分别为125 cm和60 cm）。并以南疆早中熟陆地棉新陆中45号为试验材料，以生产上推广的常规双膜栽培模式为对照（CK），研究在两种栽培模式（T和CK）下棉田残膜的回收率、回收成本、纤维品质及产量性状的差异性。结果发现，与常规双膜栽培模式（CK）相比，在宽窄双膜栽培模式下：（1）棉田残膜回收率提高15%，残膜回收成本可降低27%~30%；（2）新陆中45号的单铃重、单株结铃数、籽指均降低，但差异不显著（P＞0.05）；籽棉产量、皮棉产量则有所提高，但未表现出显著差异性（P＞0.05）；（3）新陆中45号的纤维长度、整齐度指数、伸长率均降低，但差异也不显著（P＞0.05）。上述研究结果表明，宽窄双膜栽培模式可有效实现当年残膜的完全回收，且不造成其纤维品质及产量性状指标的显著降低。研究结果对解决南疆机采棉残膜回收难度大、成本高、效率低、机采棉原棉品质差等问题具有重要作用，对机采棉的绿色、可持续发展具有重要现实意义。

关键词: 南疆, 机采棉, 残膜回收, 宽窄双膜栽培模式

Abstract: In order to fundamentally solve the problems of severe pollution of residual film, the high cost of the recovery of the residual film, and the high impurity ratio of mechanically harvested raw cotton in southern Xinjiang. In this study, a wide and narrow double film cultivation mode T (125 cm and 60 cm in width of upper and lower film) was invented on the basis of the conventional machine picked cotton field with four rows of one film and the spacing between rows of plants is (66 + 10) cm. Taking the early and medium mature upland cotton Xinluzhong 45 in southern Xinjiang as the experimental material and the conventional double film cultivation mode popularized in production as the control (CK),we studied the differences of residual film recovery rate, recovery cost, fiber quality, and yield characters in the cotton field under the two cultivation modes (T and CK). Through comparing the wide and narrow double film cultivation mode with the conventional double film cultivation mode (CK), the results showed that (i) the recovery rate of the residual film in the cotton field was increased by 15%, and the cost of the membrane was reduced by 27%—30%. (ii) The boll weight, boll number per plant, and seed index of Xinluzhong 45 were all decreased, but the difference was not significant (P> 0.05). The yield of seed cotton and lint increased, but there was no significant difference (P> 0.05). (iii) The fiber length, uniformity index, and elongation rate of Xinluzhong 45 were all decreased, but the difference was not significant (P> 0.05). The above research results showed that the wide and narrow double film cultivation mode could effectively realize the complete recovery of the residual film in the current year and dont cause significant decrease in fiber quality and yield traits. These results play an important role in solving the problems of the difficult recovery of residual film of machinepicked cotton in southern Xinjiang, high cost, low efficiency, and poor quality of raw cotton, and it has important practical significance for the green and sustainable development of machine picked cotton.

Key words: Southern Xinjiang, machine picked cotton, residual film recovery, wide and narrow double film cultivation mode

中图分类号:

S562.35

马麒, 徐守振, 宿俊吉, 李吉莲, 林海, 宁新柱. 南疆机采棉田利于残膜回收的宽窄双膜栽培模式研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(5): 173-178.

Ma Qi, Xu Shouzhen, Su Junji, Li Jilian, Lin Hai, Ning Xinzhu. . Study on wide and narrow double film cultivation mode for recovery of residual film in mechanized cotton fields in Souther Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2022, 43(5): 173-178.

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