交错苗带式大豆免耕精量播种机设计与试验

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.20955553.2022.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对黄淮海地区的大豆带状种植要求，提出一种新的种植模式，并设计一种交错苗带式大豆免耕精量播种机。对苗带清理整备装置的旋刀的排布进行设计，通过运动学分析，确定旋刀转速应大于等于379 r/min；设计一种窝眼交错分布的排种器，实现交错苗带播种；设计一种伸缩顶杆投种装置，提高投种效率；设计一种播种开沟器，起到开沟和导种的作用，同时保证苗带的宽度；设计一种笼型覆土镇压轮，通过力学分析确定推土板与水平方向的夹角为20°。田间试验结果表明：当前进速度为8 km/h时，交错苗带式大豆免耕精量播种机可靠性合格，通过性良好，播深合格率为92.6%，粒距合格率为94.4%，漏播率为1.8%，重播率为3.8%，晾籽率为0.74%，作业效率为1.92 hm2/h。

关键词: 大豆, 交错苗带, 苗带清理整备, 精密播种

Abstract: According to the requirements of soybean stripping planting in Huanghuaihai plain, a new planting mode was proposed, and a notillage staggered seedling belt soybean precision planter was designed. The arrangement of the rotary cutter of the plantbelt cleaning and preparation device was designed. Through kinematic analysis, the rotational speed of the rotary cutter was determined to be greater than or equal to 379 r/min. A seed arrangement device with staggered nesting and eye distribution was designed to realize staggered seeding. A telescopic push rod throwing device was designed to improve the throwing efficiency. A sowing furrow opener was designed to open furrow and guide seed and ensure the width of the seedling zone. A kind of cagetype earth covering roller was designed. The angle between the earth pushing plate and the horizontal direction was determined to be 20° through mechanical analysis. The field test results showed that when the forward speed was 8 km/h, the reliability and trafficability of the notillage staggered seedling belt soybean precision planter were qualified. The qualified rate of sowing depth was 92.6%, the qualified rate of grain spacing was 94.4%, the missed sowing rate was 1.8%, the over sowing rate was 3.8%, the seed drying rate was 0.74%, and the operation efficiency was 1.92 hm2/h.

Key words: soybean, staggered seedling zone, seedling belt cleaning and preparation

中图分类号:

S223.2

陈为鹏, 胡培杰, 张宝昌, 邱田元, 杨善东. 交错苗带式大豆免耕精量播种机设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(2): 1-7.

Chen Weipeng, Hu Peijie, Zhang Baochang, Qiu Tianyuan, Yang Shandong.. Design and experiment of notillage precision planters with staggered seedling belts for soybean[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2022, 43(2): 1-7.

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