农机自动驾驶系统研究进展与行业竞争环境分析*

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.20955553.2021.11.33

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 农机自动驾驶系统是无人农场的关键技术之一,已在拖拉机、联合收割机、农业机器人等农业装备中有一定的应用并成为学术界研究的热点。从硬件基础与底层技术方面详细梳理农机自动驾驶技术原理,指出其核心内容在于环境感知、决策与规划、控制与执行3个环节,并逐一分析各环节实现原理与国内外主要研究成果;总结农机自动驾驶相对有人驾驶在作业精度、效率、降低作业强度等方面优势与在动态路径规划、地头自动转向以及系统可靠性与安全性方面的不足;同时,分析全球农机自动驾驶产业竞争环境,着重阐述中国市场竞争环境,指出农机自动驾驶系统价格及服务体系、机械化水平、下游消费者受教育程度低等问题是制约产业发展的主要因素;预测未来研究热点将集中在机群协同作业、障碍物检测、主动避障以及与5G融合塑造以无人化为核心的无人农业等方面。对于我国无人农业的建设与发展、重塑中国农业生产模式有较好的借鉴意义。

关键词: 农机自动驾驶系统, 无人农场, 精准农业, 视觉感知, 路径规划, 导航

Abstract: The automatic driving system of agricultural machinery is one of the key technologies of unmanned farms. It had been applied to agricultural equipment such as tractors, combine harvesters, and agricultural robots, and had become a hot spot in academic research. From the aspects of hardware foundation and underlying technology, the principle of agricultural machinery automatic driving technology was sorted out in detail. Its core content lies in the three links: environmental perception, decision-making and planning, and control and execution. The implementation principles of each link and the main research achievements at home and abroad were analyzed one by one. The advantages of agricultural machinery automatic driving compared with manned driving are operation accuracy, efficiency, and reduced operation intensity, and the shortcomings are dynamic path planning, automatic headland steering, system reliability, and safety. The global automatic agricultural machinery driving industry environment was analyzed.The competitive environment of the Chinese market is highlighted. The price and service system of automatic agricultural machinery driving system, the level of mechanization, and the low education level of downstream consumers were the main factors restricting the development of the industry. The future research hotspots will focus on the cooperative operation of the cluster, obstacle detection, initiative obstacle avoidance, and integration with 5G to shaping unmanned agriculture was predicted. It had great reference significance for the construction and development of unmanned agriculture and the reconstruction of China's agricultural production model.

Key words: agricultural machinery autopilot system, unmanned farm, precision agriculture, visual perception, path planning, navigation

中图分类号:

S126

杨涛, 李晓晓. 农机自动驾驶系统研究进展与行业竞争环境分析^*[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(11): 222-231.

Yang Tao, Li Xiaoxiao. Research progress of agricultural machinery autopilot system and analysis of industry competition environment[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2021, 42(11): 222-231.

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农机自动驾驶系统研究进展与行业竞争环境分析^*

Research progress of agricultural machinery autopilot system and analysis of industry competition environment

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