油菜生产机械化技术路径分析与优化——基于成本收益视角

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2024.05.045

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 油菜生产机械化对于实现油菜生产经济高效和农民收入增加，保障我国食用油料供应稳定，具有十分重要的意义。以湖北省孝感市孝南区油菜试验示范区域为研究实例，全面梳理现有旋耕飞播、联合机播和人工直播三种模式的技术路径现状，运用灰色关联分析法，从机械作业、人工投入、物料投入、技术工艺等方面，挖掘揭示油菜生产机械化技术关于成本收益的影响因素和关联关系，探索提出旋耕飞播模式与联合机播模式为主导的技术路径优化方案，以满足油菜生产轻简高效、节本省工、增产增效的内在需求，为推动油菜生产区域性机械化技术的创新发展提供定量分析和理论支持。研究表明，不同模式的运用所反映出的成本收益存在明显的差异性。不同模式的选择对于收益率水平存在明显的关联性。同一模式内的作业环节、作业顺序、作业频次对于收益率水平也存在明显的关联性。优化后的技术路径与优化前相比，旋耕飞播模式的平均单位成本可节省9.06%，平均收益率可由26.93%提升至39.58%；联合机播模式的平均单位成本虽增加3.57%，但平均收益率可由2.53%提升至16.96%。

关键词: 油菜, 机械化, 生产模式, 技术路径

Abstract: The mechanization of rapeseed production is of great significance to realize the economical and efficient production of rapeseed, promote the increase of farmers income, and ensure the stable supply of edible oil in China. Taking the rapeseed testing and demonstration area in Xiaonan District of Xiaogan City as a research example, this paper comprehensively sorts out the current status of the technological path of the existing three modes of sowing by drone and rototiller, sowing by combined seed and fertilizer drill and manual direct sowing. Using the grey relation analysis method, this paper excavates and reveals the influencing factors and correlations of rapeseed production mechanization technology on costbenefit from the aspects of mechanical operation, labor input, material input, technical process, etc. In this paper, the optimization scheme of the technological path dominated by the drone sowing mode with rototiller and the combined seed and fertilizer drill mode is explored and proposed. Finally, in order to meet the inherent needs of light, simple, efficient, costsaving, laborsaving, and increased production and efficiency in rapeseed production, this paper provides quantitative analysis and theoretical support for promoting the innovative development of regional mechanization technology for rapeseed production. The research indicates that the application of different modes varies considerably in costbenefit. The choice of different modes is significantly correlated with profitability. There is also a significant correlation between the operation steps, sequence, and frequency within the same mode in terms of profitability. Compared to before optimization, the mode of sowing by drone and rototiller can achieve an average unit cost saving of 9.06%, and increase the average costbenefit ratio from 26.93% to 39.58%. Although the average unit cost of the mode of sowing by combined seed and fertilizer drill increases by 3.57%, the average costbenefit ratio can be increased from 2.53% to 16.96%.

Key words: rapeseed, mechanization, production mode, technological path

中图分类号:

S233.2

余曼. 油菜生产机械化技术路径分析与优化——基于成本收益视角[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(5): 310-319.

Yu Man. Analysis and optimization of technological path of rapeseed production mechanization from the perspective of costbenefit [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2024, 45(5): 310-319.

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