关键词: 肉羊, 养殖机械化, 规模化, 生产效益, 行业标准

Abstract: The whole process mechanized production of 113 standardized mutton sheep enterprises in 13 provinces and autonomous regions in China was investigated through the national mutton sheep industry technical system, local animal husbandry authorities  and other organizations. The results showed that there were 20 large mutton sheep cultivation enterprises with more than 10 000 sheep, accounting for 17.70%, including 8 large enterprises with more than 30 000 sheep, accounting for only 7.08%, there were 75 small and mediumscaled enterprises (less than 5 000 sheep), accounting for 66.37%. According to the cultivation quantities, the mechanized levels of forage processing, feeding, drinking water, fecal cleaning, disinfection and loading and unloading equipment in the process of cultivation were analyzed. The automatic drinking water was the highest proportion (63.9%), followed by mechanized fecal cleaning (62.9%), disinfection mechanization (42.4%) and TMR feeding (41.3%), and the harmful gas detection in the house was the lowest proportion (8.3%). The level of mechanized production has increased with the expanded quantities of mutton sheep scale. The factors which affect the level of mechanized production are mainly due to the low efficiency and benefit of mutton sheep production, the low level of standardized and industrialized production which is reflected in the large difference in the mechanization level of different regions and different production process, the weak basic research of mutton sheep machinery and equipment, the poor ability of scientific and technological innovation, the low degree of product standardization, and the poor maintenance and supporting services. Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen the technical demonstration, promote demonstration samples and industrial supervision, gradually establish a supervision service system that is commensurate with the level of aquaculture mechanization, increase basic research, enhance scientific and technological innovation ability, study and formulate relevant industry standards, and promote industry standardized production.

Key words: mutton sheep, machanization of aquacnture, scaling, production efficiency, industry standard