耦合风场四旋翼植保无人机下洗流与雾滴分布研究

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2024.07.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旋翼植保无人机喷药过程中雾滴与旋翼旋转产生的下洗流场和外界风场高度耦合作用，直接影响施药品质。因此基于拉格朗日多相流模型对耦合风场的四旋翼植保无人机下洗流、有无下洗雾滴分布和含风场雾滴分布规律进行数值分析计算，通过旋翼风速测量试验验证数值计算方法的可靠性。结果表明，旋翼下洗气流在轴间中垂线上互相吸引，会发生气流聚合现象，最大气流速度为14 m/s；随着风场作用，迎风侧气流受到挤压逐渐向背风侧偏转，风速过大超过3 m/s下洗流已逐渐失去对风抗干扰能力；有下洗气流作用时沉积时间相比无下洗流作用时加快10倍，提高施药效率；风速的增加导致雾滴的沉积范围变大，当风速达到2~3 m/s时漂移增加，出现复喷现象更加严重。

关键词: 植保无人机, 计算流体力学, 数值仿真, 下洗流场, 雾滴分布

Abstract: In the spraying process of the rotor plant protection UAV, the droplets is highly coupled with downwash flow field generated by the rotation of rotor and the external wind field, which directly affects the spraying quality. Therefore, based on the Lagrangian multiphase flow model, this paper conducts numerical analysis and calculation on the downwash flow of the four-rotor plant protection UAV with coupled wind field, the distribution of droplets with or without downwash, and the distribution of droplets with wind field. The reliability of the numerical calculation method is verified by the rotor wind speed measurement test. The results show that the rotor downwash flow attracts each other on the vertical line between the axes, and the flow convergence will occur. The maximum airflow velocity is 14 m/s. With the effect of the wind field, the airflow on the windward side is squeezed and gradually deflects to the leeward side. When the wind speed exceeds 3 m/s, the downwash flow has gradually lost its ability to resist wind interference. The deposition time with downwash flow is 10 times faster than that without downwash flow, which improves the application efficiency. The increase of wind speed leads to the larger deposition range of droplets and the phenomenon of re-spraying is more serious when the wind speed reaches 2-3 m/s.

Key words: plant protection UAV, computational fluid dynamics, numerical simulation, downwash flow, droplet distribution

中图分类号:

S494
O359

李仁凤, 韩顺凯, 杨风波. 耦合风场四旋翼植保无人机下洗流与雾滴分布研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(7): 81-86.

Li Renfeng, Han Shunkai, Yang Fengbo. Research on downwash flow and droplet distribution of four-rotor plant protection UAV coupling with wind field [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2024, 45(7): 81-86.

参考文献

［1］　Lan Yubin, Chen Shengde, Fritz B K. Current status and future trends of precision agricultural aviation technologies ［J］. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2017, 10(3): 1-17.
［2］　He Xiongkui, Bonds J, Herbst A, et al. Recent development of unmanned aerial vehicle for plant protection in East Asia ［J］. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2017, 10(3): 18-30.
［3］　张东彦, 兰玉彬, 陈立平, 等. 中国农业航空施药技术研究进展与展望［J］. 农业机械学报, 2014, 45(10): 53-59.
Zhang Dongyan, Lan Yubin, Chen Liping, et al. Current status and future trends of agricultural aerial spraying technology in China ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2014, 45(10): 53-59.
［4］　张平. 旋翼无人机下洗流场雾滴沉积理论分析与试验研究［D］. 大庆: 黑龙江八一农垦大学, 2021.Zhang Ping. Theoretical analysis and experimental study of the droplet deposition in the downwash flow field of rotor UAV ［D］. Daqing: Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 2021.
［5］　张豪, 祁力钧, 吴亚垒, 等. 无人机果树施药旋翼下洗气流场分布特征研究［J］. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(18): 44-54.
Zhang Hao, Qi Lijun, Wu Yalei, et al. Distribution characteristics of rotor downwash airflow field under spraying on orchard using unmanned aerial vehicle ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 35(18): 44-54.
［6］　Yang Fengbo, Xue Xinyu, Cai Chen, et al. Numerical simulation and analysis on spray drift movement of multirotor plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle ［J］. Energies, 2018, 11(9): 2399.
［7］　杨风波, 薛新宇, 蔡晨, 等．多旋翼植保无人机悬停下洗气流对雾滴运动规律的影响［J］. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(2): 64-73.
Yang Fengbo, Xue Xinyu, Cai Chen, et al. Effect of down wash airflow in hover on droplet motion law for multirotor unmanned plant protection machine ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(2): 64-73.
［8］　Zhang Bin, Tang Qing, Chen Liping, et al. Numerical simulation of wake vortices of crop spraying aircraft close to the ground ［J］. Biosystems Engineering, 2016, 145: 52-64.
［9］　杨知伦, 葛鲁振, 祁力钧, 等. 植保无人机旋翼下洗气流对喷幅的影响研究［J］. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(1): 116-122.
Yang Zhilun, Ge Luzhen, Qi Lijun, et al. Influence of UAVrotor downwash airflow on spray width ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(1): 116-122.
［10］　王景旭, 祁力钧, 夏前锦. 靶标周围流场对风送喷雾雾滴沉积影响的CFD模拟及验证［J］. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(11): 46-53.
Wang Jingxu, Qi Lijun, Xia Qianjin. CFD simulation and validation of trajectory and deposition behavior of droplets around target affected by air flow field in greenhouse ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(11): 46-53.
［11］　张宋超, 薛新宇, 秦维彩, 等. N-3型农用无人直升机航空施药飘移模拟与试验［J］. 农业机械学报, 2015, 31(3): 87-93.
Zhang Songchao, Xue Xinyu, Qin Weicai, et al. Simulation and experimental verification of aerial spraying drift on N-3 unmanned spraying helicopter ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(3): 87-93.
［12］　张健, 张超, 陈青, 等. 环境风速对六旋翼无人机下洗气流和雾滴沉积影响研究［J］. 农业机械学报, 2022, 53(8): 74-81.
Zhang Jian, Zhang Chao, Chen Qing, et al. Effect of ambient wind speed on downwash airflow and droplet deposition for sixrotor UAV ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2022, 53(8): 74-81.
［13］　陈盛德, 展义龙, 兰玉彬, 等. 侧向风对航空植保无人机平面扇形喷雾雾滴滴飘移的影响［J］. 华南农业大学学报, 2021, 42(4): 89-98.Chen Shengde, Zhan Yilong, Lan Yubin, et al. Influence of crosswind on droplet drift of flatfan nozzle in aviation plant protection UAV ［J］. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2021, 42(4): 89-98.
［14］　Anderson J D. 吴颂平, 刘赵淼, 译. 计算流体力学基础及其应用［M］. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2007.
［15］　王福军. 计算流体动力学分析: CFD软件原理与应用［M］. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2004.
［16］　黄先北, 杨硕, 刘竹青, 等. 基于颗粒轨道模型的离心泵叶轮泥沙磨损数值预测［J］. 农业机械学报, 2016, 47(8): 35-41.
Huang Xianbei, Yang Shuo, Liu Zhuqing, et al. Numerical simulation of erosion prediction in centrifugal pump based on particle track model ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 47(8): 35-41.
［17］　Menter F R, Kuntz M, Langtry R. Ten years of experience with the SST turbulence model ［J］. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2003, 4: 625-632.
［18］　Behery S M, Mofreh H H. A comparative study of turbulence models performance for separating flow in a planar asymmetric diffuser ［J］. Computers and Fluids, 2011, 44: 248-257.

[1]	许天富, 赵海燕, 桑维钧, 刘健锋, 谢康, 孙光军. 基于CFD仿真植保无人机在各工况下对施药效果的影响[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(7): 87-96.
[2]	焦宁, , 朱德兰, , 荆宇鹏, , 刘孟阳, , 柳昌新. 基于数值模拟的温室湿帘—风机运行参数确定方法研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(5): 79-84.
[3]	苗永存, 马嘉楠, 蒋春玲, 王镇江, 傅爱军. 畜禽车厢体内温度和流场数值CFD模拟及验证[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(5): 85-90.
[4]	魏源, 苏强, 曾扬鹃, 杜菁菁, 齐永顺, 王东升, . 基于多旋翼植保无人机的板栗飞防效果研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(6): 82-88.
[5]	李昊, 张猛强, 尹勇, 张宏, . 流固耦合方法在农业工程中的应用[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(2): 20-28.
[6]	吴照学, 梁伟, , 鲍恩财, 陈菁, 柏宗春, 应诗家. 基于CFD的发酵床网养鸭舍冬季环境模拟与优化[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(12): 26-32.
[7]	尚增强, 张开飞, 杨东福, 马质璞. 基于DEM-CFD耦合的气吸式大豆排种器种盘参数优化[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(11): 1-8.
[8]	王浩屹, 孙新平, 陈曦, 李骅, 王永健, . 气吸式小青菜精密排种器设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(6): 51-57.
[9]	胡聪旭, 周建平, 刘新德, 许燕, . 前飞来流和侧风对植保无人机下洗流场影响的数值模拟研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(5): 61-70.
[10]	王聪, 周仁建, 朱小波, 邓佳, 罗伍周, 舒炎昕. 沉降距离对植保无人机雾滴粒径分布影响[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(3): 53-59.
[11]	俞国红, 薛向磊, 郑航, 牛瑞征, 蒋建东. 病死动物化制搅拌过程流固耦合数值仿真与优化[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(3): 92-98.
[12]	谢尧庆, 邓继忠, 叶家杭, 霍静朗, 严智威. 基于5G的无人机图传及在植保无人机的应用展望[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(1): 135-141.
[13]	任帅阳, 高爱民, 张勇, 韩伟, . 六旋翼植保无人机旋翼折叠机构有限元分析及拓扑优化[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(9): 53-58+194.
[14]	郭祥雨;薛新宇;秦维彩;王珊;刘小明;. 植保无人机作业参数对棕榈树雾滴沉积的影响[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(6): 35-40.
[15]	于金友;尚德林;兰玉彬;范鑫;韩鑫;. 植保无人机药箱防晃性能检测试验台设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(6): 60-66.