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中国农机化学报

中国农机化学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 193-198.DOI: 10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2025.06.029

• 农产品加工工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

谷子去雄温度控制装置设计与试验

段智英1,刘憬璇2,韩小平3   

  1. (1.山西农业大学基础部,山西太谷,030801; 2.河南工业大学国际教育学院,郑州市,450001;
    3.山西农业大学工学院,山西太谷,030801)
  • 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-05-22
  • 基金资助:
    山西省应用基础研究项目(201601D011071);晋中市科技计划项目(Y192007)

Design and experiment of temperature control device for millet emasculation

Duan Zhiying1, Liu Jingxuan2, Han Xiaoping3   

  1. (1. College of Basic Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China;
    2. School of International Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhenzhou, 450001, China;
    3. College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China)

  • Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-05-22

摘要:

谷子是自花授粉作物,因其小花密集,去雄处理难度较大,为此,自制一种由加热桶、电源、支架组成的谷子去雄温度控制装置。加热桶由控制电路和温度控制部分组成,是该装置的主体,去雄在此空间进行。控制电路包括温度设置和时间设置电路,具有设置、显示、定时、倒计时报警等功能。温度控制部分从内向外依次由细钢丝网、电加热片、保温层和金属外壳4种材料组成,桶内温度可以达到设定温度并维持稳定状态。选用晋谷21号和沁黄2号谷子品种,以谷子花粉活力、去雄率和雌蕊未损伤率为测试指标验证装置的去雄效果。试验结果表明:相同温度下处理时间越长,花粉活力越低。晋谷21号在48 ℃温度下10~15 min或52 ℃温度下10 min处理后以及沁黄2号在48 ℃温度下10~15 min处理后,雌蕊未损伤率和去雄率都显著提高,去雄效果最佳,表明该装置可以有效去雄。

关键词: 谷子, 温度控制, 去雄效果, 加热桶

Abstract:

Millet was a self‑pollinating crop with many small flowers, which made it difficult to emasculate millet. For this purpose, a self‑made temperature control device for millet emasculation was made, which consisted of a heating barrel, a power supply and a bracket. The heating barrel was composed of a control circuit and a temperature control part. The heating barrel was the main body of the device, and emasculation took place in this space. The control circuit included temperature setting and time setting circuit, and the circuit had setting, display, timing, countdown alarm and other functions. The temperature control part of the heating barrel was composed of four materials such as thin steel wire mesh, electric heating sheet, insulation layer and metal shell. The temperature in the barrel could reach the set temperature and maintain a stable state to meet the requirements of emasculation. In order to verify the emasculation effect of the device, Jingu 21 and Qinhuang 2 millet varieties were selected, and the pollen viability, emasculation rate and undamaged pistillate rate were measured. The results showed that the longer the treatment time at the same temperature, the lower the pollen viability was. After treatment at 48 ℃ for 10-15 min or 52 ℃ for 10 min for Jingu 21 and at 48 ℃ for 10-15 min for Qinhuang 2, both the undamaged pistillate rate and emasculation rate were significantly improved, and the effect of emasculation was the best, which proved that the device could be effectively emasculated.

Key words: millet, temperature control, emasculation effect, heating barrel

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