农业生产集聚对环境效率的影响：由粮食主产区引申

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095⁃5553.2022.03.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在农业增产与生态保护的双重压力下，为回答农业生产集聚与环境效率之间是否相矛盾的问题。将粮食主产区的设立视为一次部分省份提高农业生产集聚程度的准自然实验，以粮食主产区作为实验组，非主产区作为对照组，构建PSM⁃DID模型，考察农业生产集聚对环境效率的影响，并对具体的影响路径进行检验。结果表明：相较非主产区，粮食主产区的设立影响环境效率的系数值为0.031 1，并在1%的显著性水平下显著，即农业生产集聚可以改善环境效率；仅农业生产集聚与化肥用量的交互项显著为正，系数值为0.004 9，即农业生产集聚得以改善环境效率的作用路径主要源自对化肥施用负外部性的削减，种子质量不足、农业劳动力老龄化以及农业机械有效利用不足均不利于农业生产集聚对环境效率的改善。上述结论意味着农业生产集聚可以促进经济效益和环境效益的协调发展，使得“绿色发展”和“两山理论”的实现成为可能，未来在农业生产集聚过程中应进一步激发农业机械化改善环境效率的潜能。

关键词: 农业生产集聚, 环境效率, 粮食主产区, 准自然实验, PSM?DID模型

Abstract: Under the dual pressure of agricultural production increase and ecological protection, it is fundamental to investigate whether agricultural production agglomeration improves environmental efficiency. The establishment of major grain producing areas is regarded as a quasi natural experiment to improve the degree of agricultural production agglomeration in some provinces. Taking major grain producing areas as the experimental group and non major grain producing areas as the control group, the PSM⁃DID model was constructed to investigate the impact of agricultural production agglomeration on environmental efficiency, and the specific impact path was tested. The results showed that compared with the non main producing areas, the coefficient of the establishment of the main grain producing areas affecting the environmental efficiency was 0.031 1, which is significant at the 1% significance level, that is, agricultural production agglomeration improved the environmental efficiency. Only the interaction between agricultural production agglomeration and fertilizer consumption was significantly positive, with a coefficient of 0.004 9, which was the main path of agricultural production agglomeration to improve the environmental efficiency. Due to the reduction of negative externalities of chemical fertilizer application, the lack of seed quality, the aging of agricultural labor force, and the lack of effective utilization of agricultural machinery were not conducive to the improvement of environmental efficiency caused by agricultural production agglomeration. This conclusion meant that agricultural production agglomeration could promote the coordinated development of economic benefits and environmental benefits, which made the realization of “green development” and “two mountain theory” possible. In the future, the potential of agricultural mechanization to improve environmental efficiency should be further stimulated in the process of agricultural production agglomeration.

Key words: agricultural production agglomeration, environmental efficiency, major grain?producing areas, quasi?natural experiment, PSM?DID model

中图分类号:

F323

王丹, 刘春明, 周杨. 农业生产集聚对环境效率的影响：由粮食主产区引申[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(3): 213-220.

Wang Dan, Liu Chunming, Zhou Yang. . Effect of agricultural production agglomeration on environmental efficiency: Extended from major grain⁃producing areas[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2022, 43(3): 213-220.

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