Enhancing agricultural green total factor productivity is the only way to promote agricultural green transformation. Based on the panel data from 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China, this paper measures the agricultural green total factor productivity by utilizing the super-efficient SBM, and empirically analyzes the impact mechanism of rural population aging on agricultural greening total factor productivity by using the fixed effect model, the mediation effect model and the threshold model. The research shows that rural population aging has an inhibitory effect on agricultural greening total factor productivity, with a decrease of 0.59 units for every unit of deepening of the aging rural population, and the aging of the rural population has a mitigating effect on the negative impact of agricultural green total factor productivity by promoting the development of agricultural machinery services. Additionally, the impact of rural population aging on agricultural green total factor productivity decreases in descending order in the central, western, and eastern regions. Finally, the study identifies several factors that affect agricultural green total factor productivity. The text should also adhere to conventional academic structure and formatting, with clear and concise sentences and a logical flow of information. The aging of the rural population should be viewed dialectically in order to accelerate the transformation of agricultural production methods, improve the agricultural socialized service system, promote the greening of agricultural production, and facilitate the reasonable flow of factors between regions while reducing regional differences.