大豆玉米带状复合种植一体化播种机作业质效试验与探究

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.20955553.2024.12.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 播种机的作业成效对提高大豆玉米带状复合种植播种质量、保证作物产量具有决定性意义。试验采用二因素裂区设计，在复合种植4∶2模式下，用一体化的勺轮式排种器播种机和气吸式排种器播种机，分别以5 km/h、7 km/h、9 km/h三种不同速度进行播种作业，对播种期、出苗期、成熟期、收获期的参数以及机具性价比、经济指数进行比较，对两种播种机的质效进行探究性评价。结果表明，勺轮式播种机在5 km/h、气吸式播种机在9 km/h播种作业速度下的出苗质量、成熟效果、收获产量最好，勺轮式播种机适于低速作业、气吸式播种机适于高速作业；最优作业速度下，两种机型在收获产量上差异不显著，气吸式播种机在效率经济指数、出苗质量、成熟性状、收获产量上优于勺轮式播种机，但在产量经济指数、机具产投比上低于勺轮式播种机。因此根据种植规模优选一体化播种机，且采用适宜的作业速度从而提高作业质效可提供参考和支持。

关键词: 大豆玉米带状复合种植, 种植模式, 一体化播种机, 作业质效

Abstract: The operation results of seeder are of decisive significance to improve seeding quality of soybean and corn strip composite planting and ensure crop yield. This experiment adopted a twofactor splitplot design with a 4∶2 composite planting pattern, by using a integrated seeder with the spoonwheel seeding apparatus and another with the airsuction seeding apparatus, respectively, at speeds of 5 km/h, 7 km/h, and 9 km/h for seeding operations. Parameters such as seeding period, emergence period, maturity period, and harvest period were compared, as well as the costeffectiveness and economic index of the two kinds of seeders, to conduct exploratory evaluation of the quality and effect of the two kinds of seeders. The quality and effectiveness of the two kinds of seeders were evaluated. The results showed that the spoonwheel seeder had the best seedling quality, ripening effect and yield at 5 km/h and the airsuction seeder at 9 km/h. The spoonwheel seeder was suitable for low speed operation, and the airsuction seeder for high speed operation. Under the optimal operation speed, the difference between the two models in harvest yield was not significant. The airsuction seeder was superior to the spoonwheel seeder in economic index of efficiency, quality of emergence, maturity and harvest yield, while it was inferior in economic index of yield and the ratio of output to investment of machinery. Therefore, it can provide reference and support for optimizing integrated seeder according to planting scale and adopting suitable working speed to improve working quality and effect.

Key words: soybean and corn strip composite planting, planting pattern, integrated seeder, operation quality and effect

中图分类号:

S223.2

张长明, 高祺, 朱冠雄, 高凤菊, 太荣建. 大豆玉米带状复合种植一体化播种机作业质效试验与探究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(12): 21-29.

Zhang Changming, Gao Qi, Zhu Guanxiong, Gao Fengju, Tai Rongjian. Experiment and study on operation quality and effect of soybean and corn strip composite planting integrated seeder [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2024, 45(12): 21-29.

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