液力机械复合传动拖拉机动力系统匹配特性研究

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.20955553.2022.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对现有液力机械复合传动（HMD）拖拉机动力系统匹配方案无法满足拖拉机动力性与经济性的平衡，提出一种新型优化匹配方案。根据拖拉机犁耕作业工况，建立发动机与液力变矩器匹配性能评价指标体系；基于熵权法—灰色关联度分析理论搭建性能评估模型，确定HMD动力系统输出权重；并对液力变矩器循环圆有效直径进行优化计算、匹配性能对比分析等。结果表明：以三次多项式拟合计算出发动机输出特性误差在8%以内；液力变矩器循环圆有效直径缩小0.7%；优化匹配后的动力系统平均传动效率提升约2.3%；燃油消耗率相较于全功率匹配减少7.3%，相较于部分功率匹配减少3.1%。提出的优化匹配方案能够较大程度兼顾HMD拖拉机作业时的动力性与经济性，改善发动机与液力变矩器共同作业区间，降低复合传动系统尺寸参数，同时为自主高端农机动力系统的发展提供新的技术路线参考和理论补充。

关键词: 拖拉机, 液力机械, 动力系统, 匹配特性, 性能评估, 模型优化

Abstract: Aimingat the unreasonable matching scheme of the existing hydraulicmechanical compound drive tractor power system, which cannot meet the balance of tractor power and economy, a new optimization matching scheme is proposed.Based on the basic working conditions of tractors, the evaluation index system of matching performance between the engine and hydraulic torque converter is established. According to the entropy weight methodgrey relational analysis theory, the performance evaluation model is established to determine the output weight of the HMD power system. Design of variables, establishment of the objective function, and optimization of the effective diameter of the circulating circle of the hydraulic torque converter were accomplished. Comparative analysis of matching performance were also performed. The results show that the error of engine output characteristics is within 8%. The effective diameter of the circulating circle of the hydraulic torque converter is reduced by 0.7%. After optimization and matching, the average transmission efficiency of the power system is improved by about 2.3%. The fuel consumption rate is reduced by 7.3% compared with full power matching and 3.1% compared with partial power matching. The proposed optimal matching scheme can take into account the power and economy of the HMD tractor to a greater extent, improve the common operating range of the engine and the torque converter, and reduce the size parameters of the composite transmission system. It provides a new technical route reference and theoretical supplement for the development of independent highend agricultural machinery power systems.

Key words: tractor, hydraulic machinery, power system, matching characteristics, performance evaluation, model optimization

中图分类号:

S219

李贤哲, 张辉, 徐立友, 刘孟楠, 闫祥海, 张明柱. 液力机械复合传动拖拉机动力系统匹配特性研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(4): 46-52.

Li Xianzhe, Zhang Hui, Xu Liyou, Liu Mengnan, Yan Xianghai, Zhang Mingzhu.. Research on power system matching characteristics of the hybrid hydraulic and mechanical tractor[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2022, 43(4): 46-52.

参考文献

［1］徐礼超, 侯学明. 基于典型工况的装载机发动机与液力变矩器匹配［J］. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31（7）: 80-84.

Xu Lichao, Hou Xueming. Power matching on loader engine and hydraulic torque converter based on typical operating conditions ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31（7）: 80-84.

［2］杨树军, 张曼, 曾盼文, 等. 液压机械无级传动全功率换段过程排量比调节模型［J］. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35（13）: 64-73.

Yang Shujun, Zhang Man, Zeng Panwen, et al. Model of regulating displacement ratio in full power shifting process of hydromechanical variable transmission ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 35（13）: 64-73.

［3］ Sun W, Ma B, Ma J, et al. Dynamic matching analysis of engine and torque converter in tracked coach car ［J］. Advanced Materials Research, 2014, 945-949: 314-318.

［4］谢斌, 武仲斌, 毛恩荣. 农业拖拉机关键技术发展现状与展望［J］. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49（8）: 1-17.

Xie Bin, Wu Zhongbin, Mao Enrong. Development and prospect of key technologies on agricultural tractor ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49（8）: 1-17.

［5］ Tanelli M, Panzani G, Savaresi S M, et al. Transmission control for powershift agricultural tractors: Design and endofline automatic tuning ［J］. Mechatronics, 2011, 21（1）: 285-297.

［6］ Kesy A, Kadziela A. Mathematical model of hydrodynamic torque converter applied to optimisation calculations using genetic algorithm ［J］. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 2010, 39（4）: 199-206.

［7］王安麟, 章明犬, 郭威. 面向液力变矩器负载的泵轮动态转矩估计模型［J］. 同济大学学报（自然科学版）, 2015, 43（8）: 1219-1225.

Wang Anlin, Zhang Mingquan, Guo Wei. Estimation model of pump wheel dynamic torque based on load of torque converter ［J］. Journal of Tongji University （Natural Science）, 2015, 43（8）: 1219-1225.

［8］常绿, 王国强, 唐新星, 等. 装载机发动机与液力变矩器功率匹配优化［J］. 农业机械学报, 2006, 37（11）: 28-31.

Chang Lü, Wang Guoqiang, Tang Xinxing, et al. Optimization of power matching on torqueconverter with diesel engine for wheel loader ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2006, 37（11）: 28-31.

［9］李俊杰, 程婉静, 梁媚, 等. 基于熵权—层次分析法的中国现代煤化工行业可持续发展综合评价［J］. 化工进展, 2020, 39（4）: 1329-1338.

［10］李恒璐, 陈伯孝, 丁一, 等. 基于信息熵权的最近邻域数据关联算法［J］. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42（4）: 806-812.

Li Henglu, Chen Boxiao, Ding Yi, et al. Nearest neighbor data association algorithm based on information entropy weight ［J］. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42（4）: 806-812.

［11］欧阳武, 程启超, 金勇, 等. 基于熵权模糊综合评价法的水润滑尾轴承性能评估［J］. 中国机械工程, 2020, 31（12）: 1407-1414.

Ouyang Wu, Cheng Qichao, Jin Yong, et al. Performance evaluation of water lubricated stern bearings based on entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method ［J］. China Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 31（12）: 1407-1414.

［12］赵国飞, 康天合, 郭俊庆, 等. 基于区间值灰色关联度的煤层气区块生产潜力评价模型及应用［J］. 采矿与安全工程学报, 2020, 37（4）: 794-803.

Zhao Guofei, Kang Tianhe, Guo Junqing, et al. Application of evaluation model for the production potential of coalbed methane block based on interval value grey relational degree theory ［J］. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering, 2020, 37（4）: 794-803.

［13］雷华阳, 张雅杰, 冯双喜, 等.循环荷载作用下软黏土累积塑性应变与微观参数灰色关联分析［J］. 天津大学学报, 2021, 54（3）: 245-254.

Lei Huayang, Zhang Yajie, Feng Shuangxi, et al. Grey relational analysis of cumulative plastic deformation and microscopic parameters of soft clay under cyclic loading ［J］. Journal of Tianjin University （Science and Technology）, 2021, 54（3）: 245-254.

［14］杨茂, 黄宾阳, 江博. 基于概率分布量化指标和灰色关联决策的风电功率实时预测研究［J］. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37（24）: 7099-7107.

Yang Mao, Huang Binyang, Jiang Bo. Realtime wind power prediction based on probability distribution and gray relational decisionmaking ［J］. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37（24）: 7099-7107.

［15］汪顺生, 王康三, 刘东鑫, 等. 基于加权灰色关联模型优选夏玉米沟灌方式［J］. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32（18）: 133-139.

Wang Shunsheng, Wang Kangsan, Liu Dongxin, et al. Optimization of furrow irrigation mode for summer maize based on weighted grey correlation model ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32（18）: 133-139.

［16］ Luo Yi, Li Yulong. Comprehensive decisionmaking of transmission network planning based on entropy weight and grey relational analysis ［J］. Power System Technology, 2013, 37（1）: 77-81.

［17］刘树成, 闫清东, 邢庆坤. 车用大功率柴油机与液力变矩器动态匹配影响因素分析［J］. 兵工学报, 2016, 37（3）: 385-393.

Liu Shucheng, Yan Qingdong, Xing Qingkun. Analysis of dynamic matching factors of highpower diesel engine and hydrodynamic torque converter ［J］. Acta Armamentarii, 2016, 37（3）: 385-393.

［18］吴光强, 陈洁. 乘用车液力变矩器优化设计研究综述［J］. 汽车工程, 2020, 42（8）: 1090-1096, 1123.

Wu Guangqiang, Chen Jie. Review on design optimization research of hydraulic torque converter for passenger vehicles ［J］. Automotive Engineering, 2020, 42（8）: 1090-1096, 1123.

［19］王安麟, 章明犬, 李文嘉, 等. 采用装载机整机实验的液力变矩器性能匹配指标［J］. 西安交通大学学报, 2015, 49（10）: 54-60.

Wang Anlin, Zhang Mingquan, Li Wenjia, et al. Performance matching index of torque converter based on loader tests ［J］. Journal of Xian Jiaotong University, 2015, 49（10）: 54-60.

［20］ Delice E K, Güngr Z. The usability analysis with heuristic evaluation and analytic hierarchy process ［J］. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2009, 39（6）: 934-939.

[1]	张静, 刘昱, 郑德聪, 李志伟. 丘陵山地拖拉机机身自平衡机构稳定性分析[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(9): 102-108.
[2]	孙德明, 朱晓岩, 马忠强, 李正宇, 李超. 欧盟拖拉机双管路气制动系统研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(8): 114-118.
[3]	章新, 董荻, 睢志伟, 李占龙, 李建伟. 液压减振器节流孔与拖拉机减振特性研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(7): 57-62.
[4]	薛丽君, 赵业慧, 宋悦, 邹方磊, 姜红花, 王光明, . 无级变速和电传动农业作业机械现状研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(7): 81-89.
[5]	徐广飞, 陈美舟, 金诚谦, 苗河泉, 逄焕晓, 刁培松. 拖拉机自动驾驶关键技术综述[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(6): 126-134.
[6]	赵延鹏, 王峰, 杨永发, 李玮, 王应彪, 费建国. 基于作业工况和退役锂离子电池的电动拖拉机电源系统优化[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(2): 104-111.
[7]	杨杭旭, 刘冬梅, 周俊, 汪珍珍, 王旭. 增程式电动拖拉机研究进展[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(11): 118-125.
[8]	夏长高, 杨彦祥, 孙闫, 刘静. 复合电源电动拖拉机能量管理策略研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(11): 126-132.
[9]	张三强, 邹星, 陈源, 章桃娟. 船式拖拉机气层减阻影响因素分析与参数优化研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(1): 20-26.
[10]	吐尔逊·买买提, 赵梦佳, 孔庆好. 新疆县域拖拉机排放清单及其时空格局[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(1): 195-202.
[11]	扈凯, 张文毅, 李坤, 刘宏俊, 祁兵, 纪要, . 基于模态规划法的履带拖拉机车架振动分析与优化[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(8): 121-126.
[12]	刘静;夏长高;孙闫;. 双能源电动拖拉机能量管理策略[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(7): 115-121.
[13]	毛智琳;蒋建东;章沈强;杨振兴;张奋飞;杨锦章;. 全架式履带拖拉机机架设计与优化[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(7): 122-129.
[14]	冯叶陶;廖敏;张小军;张涛;潘群林;. 丘陵山地拖拉机前驱动桥壳组件轻量化设计与试验研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(5): 107-113.
[15]	刘学峰;仪垂良;张德学;张成保;任冬梅;高强;. 拖拉机转向驱动桥自动限滑差速器液压系统设计[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(3): 7-12.