基于大豆玉米复合种植的播种技术与装备研

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2025.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 大豆玉米供需矛盾是国家粮食安全面临的重要难题，随着大豆玉米的需求量增加，两种作物的高效种植对农机装备提出更高的要求。大豆玉米复合种植技术可充分利用耕地资源，使两种作物和谐共生，是现代高效集约化、新型立体农业的创新发展。基于此，主要对大豆玉米复合种植播种机的国内外研究现状以及排种器、智能监测系统和漏播补偿系统的研究现状进行综述分析，指出在排种方面一种变粒径排种器可同时实现大豆和玉米的精量播种；漏播补偿方面着重归纳一种适应高速运行的补种系统。目前仍存在大豆玉米播种机的技术要求标准不统一、导种机构的播种均匀性较差、播种监测系统的智能化不高等问题。提出自动化智能化播种机、零速投种高频导种系统、广适应性高标准智能监测系统及精确补种系统是未来主要研发方向，以期为大豆玉米复合播种技术和装备进一步发展与研究提供借鉴。

关键词: 大豆玉米, 复合种植, 播种技术与装备, 监测系统, 补种系统

Abstract: The imbalance between the supply and demand of soybean and corn poses a significant challenge to China's national food security.As the demand for these crops continues to grow, achieving efficient planting methods imposes higher standards on agricultural machinery and equipment. Soybean and corn compound planting technology can make full use of arable land resources by allowing the harmonious coexistence of the two crops, thereby representing an innovative approach to modern, efficient, intensive, and three‑dimensional agriculture. This paper mainly reviews the current research status of soybean‑corn intercropping planters in China and abroad, focusing on seed dischargers, intelligent monitoring systems, and missed seeding compensation systems. For seed arrangement, the review highlights that variable particle size seed dischargers can achieve simultaneous precision sowing of soybean and corn. In terms of missed seeding compensation, the study summarizes a replanting system optimized for high‑speed operation. Despite these advancements, challenges remain including the lack of unified standards for soybean‑corn seeding equipment, poor sowing uniformity inseed guide mechanism, and limited intelligence in sowing monitoring systems. Future research and development should prioritize the design of automatic intelligent seeders, zero‑speed high‑frequency seed guide systems, highly adaptable intelligent monitoring systems, and precision replanting systems. These advancements aim to address existing limitations and provide a foundation for further innovation in soybean‑corn composite seeding technology and equipment.

Key words: soybean and corn, compound planting, seeding technology and equipment, detection system, reseeding system

中图分类号:

S223.2

张冉, 孙景彬, 张云龙, 张海鑫, 梁兆刚, 赵颖. 基于大豆玉米复合种植的播种技术与装备研[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(4): 35-41.

Zhang Ran, Sun Jingbin, Zhang Yunlong, Zhang Haixin, Liang Zhaogang, Zhao Ying. Research on seeding technology and equipment based on soybean and corn compound planting#br#[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(4): 35-41.

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