西北道地中药材种植及生产机械化概况

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2025.01.042

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中药材种植业的发展，可保障人民安全使用中药。简述甘肃、陕西、新疆、宁夏、青海等西北五省区道地中药材种植概况，梳理促进中药材产业发展相关国家和当地政策，阐述西北道地中药材“直播育苗+移栽种植”种植模式和生产全程机械化概况。针对中药材耕、种、管、收等关键环节机械化水平薄弱、亟需关键技术攻关与加强装备创新现状，分析西北道地中药材生产机械化面临的问题与挑战，包括种植土地碎片化严重、种植品类模式多样化、关键环节机械化较低、种植投入高且风险大和机具生产企业发展难等，从西北道地中药材种植面积规模化、种植模式标准化、主要品种关键作业环节优先突破、强化政策引导完善农业保险体系和推动西北地区企业增量高质发展等5个方面提出促进中药材生产机械化的建议，为我国中药材产业高质量发展提供借鉴。随着农业机械化、智能化水平的不断提升，以及中药材产业扶持政策实施，将逐步推进西北道地产区中药材全程机械化发展趋势，促进中药材特色产业发展和农民持续增收。

关键词: 中药材产业, 西北道地产区, 中药材机械化, 政策扶持, 高质量发展

Abstract: The cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) ensures the safe consumption of Chinese medicines by the populace. This article briefly outlines the cultivation of authentic TCM herbs in five northwestern provinces and regions: Gansu, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Ningxia, and Qinghai. This article succinctly delineates the cultivation of genuine Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbs across five northwestern provinces and regions: Gansu, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Ningxia, and Qinghai. It organizes pertinent national and regional policies aimed at nurturing the growth of the TCM industry. Additionally, it elucidates the “seedling cultivation + transplantation planting” model and the mechanization of the entire production chain for authentic northwestern TCM materials. The article also addresses the insufficient mechanization in crucial stages such as TCM cultivation, planting, management, and harvesting, while highlighting the urgent requirement for advancements in key technologies and equipment innovations.The article analyzes the challenges faced by TCM production mechanization, such as the severe fragmentation of farmland, diversified planting patterns, low mechanization in key stages, high planting costs and risks, and difficulties in machinery manufacturing enterprises' development. It puts forward suggestions and development trends to advance TCM production mechanization, including expanding planting acreage, standardizing planting patterns, prioritizing breakthroughs in key operational processes for major varieties, strengthening policy guidance to enhance the agricultural insurance system, and promoting high-quality enterprise development in the northwest, aims to serve as a reference for the high-quality development of China's TCM industry.. The northwest region is actively advancing agricultural mechanization and intelligence levels while simultaneously implementing supportive policies tailored for the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) industry. This proactive approach will progressively lead to comprehensive mechanization in TCM production, thereby fostering the growth of TCM-specific industries and ensuring sustained income increases for farmers.

Key words: traditional Chinese medicine industry, northwest road real estate zone, mechanization of traditional Chinese medicine, policy support, high quality development

中图分类号:

S225.7

于庆旭, 欧阳安, 陈永生, 付菁菁, 陈晓, 王振伟. 西北道地中药材种植及生产机械化概况[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(1): 290-298.

Yu Qingxu, Ouyang An, Chen Yongsheng , , Fu Jingjing, Chen Xiao, Wang Zhenwei. Status of traditional Chinese medicine planting and production mechanization in Northwest China#br#[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(1): 290-298.

参考文献

［1］　黄璐琦, 郭兰萍, 张小波,等. 基于第四次全国中药资源普查的中国中药资源种类研究［J］. 中国中药杂志, 2024, 49(13): 3409-3413.Huang Luqi, Guo Lanping, Zhang Xiaobo, et al. Species of Chinese Materia medica resources based on the fourth national survey of Chinese Materia medica resources ［J］. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 2024, 49(13): 3409-3413.
［2］　及华,张海新.我国中药材种类介绍［J］.现代农村科技, 2018(12):106-107.
［3］　中药材天地网. 2024年中药材市场价格监测数据报告（6月）［EB/OL］. https://wwwzyctdcom/zixun/205/1058924html, 2024-07-03.
［4］　王慧,张小波,汪娟,等2020年全国中药材种植面积统计分析［J］.中国食品药品监管,2022(1):4-9.Wang Hui, Zhang Xiaobo, Wang Juan, et al. Statisticalanalysis of planting area of Chinese medicinal materials in China in 2020［J］. China Food & Drug Administration Magazine, 2022(1):4-9.
［5］　王昕哲.中药材种植对乡村产业发展的影响［J］.中国农村科技, 2024(1): 64-65.
［6］　黄璐琦，张小波.全国中药材生产统计报告［M］.上海：上海科学技术出版社, 2021.
［7］　海那尔·毛地热合曼,钟晓英,陈勇,等.新疆中药材标准化种植对策建议［J］. 新疆农业科技, 2024(3): 3-6.
［8］　新疆维吾尔自治区药品监督管理局.新疆:以高质量监管促进中药民族药产业高质量发展［EB/OL］. https://mpaxinjianggovcn/xjyjj/mtgz/202205/0bfaf00e31a74008b3
ae4cc13d896558shtml，2022-05-26.
［9］　张际昭, 王果平, 赵亚琴, 等. 2021年新疆维吾尔自治区中药材生产基础数据统计分析［J］. 中国现代中药, 2023, 25(11): 2417-2421.
Zhang Jizhao, Wang Guoping, Zhao Yaqin. Statistical analysis on basic data of production of Chinese Materia medica in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in 2021 ［J］. Modern Chinese Medicine, 2023, 25(11): 2417-2421.
［10］　陈勇, 蔺彩霞. 新疆中药材生产现状及高质量发展实现路径［J］. 中国农技推广, 2024, 40(7): 24-26.
［11］　赵悦.新疆持续夯实中药材产业基础［N］.新疆日报(汉), 2024-08-12(001).
［12］　潘从武.打造新疆道地中药材知名品牌［N］.法治日报, 2024-04-14(007).
［13］　刘锦晖, 陈文杰, 王建连, 等. 甘肃省中药材产业现状及发展对策［J］. 甘肃农业科技, 2021, 52(7): 81-85.
［14］　张陆海.甘肃省根茎类中药材生产全程机械化研究［J］.农机质量与监督, 2023(12): 7-8, 14.
［15］　甘敏, 康天兰. 甘肃中药材“三品一标”提升行动现状与对策［J］. 西北园艺, 2023(7):1-3.
［16］　樊琳, 赵华. 甘肃省中药材产业发展问题与对策研究［J］. 中国集体经济, 2020(11): 16-17.
［17］　李军, 段杨, 温艳. 陕西中药材产业守正创新发展的思路和措施［J］. 现代企业, 2023(6): 103-105.
［18］　段杨,陈芳,李军,等.对陕西中药材产业高质量发展的几点思考和建议［J］.现代中医药,2023,43(2):109-113.
［19］　杨露雅. 陕西力争今年底中药材综合产值突破750亿元［N］.陕西日报, 2024-05-20(006).
［20］　段杨. 提升陕西中药材产业品牌影响力的路径探索［J］. 现代企业, 2022(6): 74-75.
［21］　赵婉莹. 陕南中药产业化发展研究［D］. 咸阳: 西北农林科技大学, 2011.Zhao Wanying. Research on TCM industry development in Southern Shaanxi［D］. Xianyang: Northwest A & F University, 2011.
［22］　蔡延平.青海省林下中药材种植现状分析及对策［J］.青海农林科技, 2023(2): 26-30.Cai Yanping. Analysis andcountermeasures on the current situation of planting Chinese medicinal materials under the forest in Qinghai province［J］. Science and Technology of Qinghai Agriculture and Forestry, 2023(2): 26-30.
［23］　张桂萍, 才让旦周. 青海省道地中藏药材产业发展对策建议［J］. 青海草业, 2023, 32(3): 23-27.Zhang Guiping, Suggestions on the development of native Tibetan medicinal materials industry in Qinghai Province［J］. Qinghai Prataculture, 2023, 32(3): 23-27.
［24］　李明, 刘华, 安钰, 等.宁夏中药材种植区划［J］. 宁夏农林科技, 2019, 60(9): 64-68.Li Ming, Liu Hua, An Yu, et al, Plantingdivision of Chinese medicinal crop in Ningxia ［J］. Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, 2019, 60(9): 64-68.
［25］　马斌, 温学萍, 李明, 等. 2016—2021年宁夏回族自治区中药材种植及种子种苗生产现状［J］. 中国现代中药, 2023, 25(11): 2408-2416.
Ma Bin, Wen Xueping, Li Ming, et al. Current situation of planting, seed, and seedling production of Chinese herbal medicine in Ningxia Hui autonomous region from 2016 to 2021 ［J］. Modern Chinese Medicine, 2023, 25(11): 2408-2416.
［26］　席娜, 周小平, 高东. 宁夏道地中药材产业发展现状、问题及建议［J］. 农业科技通讯, 2024(5): 4-8.
［27］　刘俭, 李晓瑞, 达海莉, 等. 宁夏中药材产业特色发展探索研究［J］. 宁夏农林科技, 2023, 64(2): 60-63.Liu Jian, Li Xiaorui, Da Haili, et al. Exploration and research on the characteristic development of Ningxia traditional Chinese medicine industry［J］. Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, 2023, 64(2): 60-63.
［28］　王福, 陈士林, 刘友平, 等.我国中药材种植产业进展与展望［J］.中国现代中药, 2023, 25(6): 1163-1171.
Wang Fu, Chen Shilin, Liu Youping, et al. Advances and prospects of Chinese herbal medicine planting industry in China［J］. Modern Chinese Medicine, 2023, 25(6): 1163-1171.
［29］　于庆旭, 张陆海, 蔡子平, 等.甘肃根茎类中药材机械化生产现状及展望［J］. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(2):29-36.
Yu Qingxu, Zhang Luhai, Cai Ziping, et al. Present status and prospect of mechanized production of Rhizome Chinese herbal medicine in Gansu Province ［J］. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2023, 44(2): 29-36.

[1]	宋菊兰. 乡村振兴背景下的农业机械化推广策略研究——以山东省为例[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(6): 312-319.
[2]	石晓燕, 索利利, 韩苏, 武萌, 任宁, 俞国红. “两个先行”目标下浙江农业机械化发展对策研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(11): 259-264.
[3]	张瑜, 周玮, 于林惠. 江苏县域富民产业高质量发展的路径研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(11): 319-324.
[4]	侯方安, 李斯华. 基于需求侧的农业机械化高质量发展研究：理论逻辑与政策路径[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(6): 1-7.
[5]	杨宏伟, 赵和萍, 马瑛. 新疆农业经济高质量发展水平测度与实现路径[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(5): 249-256.
[6]	华树春, 赵闰, 林德华, 黄丹霞, 沈孚. 我国食品安全的治理困境：多维二元结构的分析框架[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(4): 208-215.
[7]	何兰兰, 刘洋, 陈秉谱. 中药材产业发展中农户组织化影响因素研究——以甘肃省陇西县为例[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(2): 241-248.
[8]	刘涛;崔永正;霍静娟;. 高质量发展背景下农机装备配置效率测度及空间集聚效应研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(5): 123-128.
[9]	崔思远;曹光乔;张婕;张琳;滕兆丽;. 标准化引领农业机械化高质量发展——以江苏省为例[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(3): 221-226.
[10]	戚山明;张宗毅;张萌;. 中国农机工业发展质量财务评价[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(1): 237-244.
[11]	秦晓娟;. 中国农业高质量发展水平测度与空间差异研究——基于五大发展理念视角[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2020, 41(12): 189-195.