中小型青贮玉米收获机械研究现状及发展趋势

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2024.10.044

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着牛、羊等草食性牲畜的快速发展，畜牧业对青贮玉米饲料的需求持续增长，我国青贮玉米的种植规模也在不断扩大。由于我国耕地类型和地块面积差异较大，青贮玉米的收获需要多种类型的作业机械。为促进玉米青贮收获机械的研发和应用，从畜牧产业适度规模发展的需要和当前我国分段收获与直接收获并存的现实情况出发，采用分作业环节的方式，针对青贮玉米收获机械的共性关键技术：秸秆切割、秸秆切碎揉丝、玉米籽粒破碎、青贮打捆包膜等，分析青贮玉米收获机械生产中的常用结构和最新研究现状。介绍青贮玉米收获机械的研发应用情况，从青贮作业环节中分析总结出存在秸秆切割与粉碎理论研究较少、各装置作业质量研究不足、整机适应性不强等共性问题。提出加强刀具与秸秆互作机理的研究、作业质量的研究、整机适应性的研究，使中小型青贮玉米收获机械在不同规模和作业需求下具有更好的作业性能、作业质量和综合生产效率。

关键词: 青贮玉米, 玉米秸秆, 仿生切割, 籽粒破碎, 秸秆揉丝, 全株收获

Abstract: With the rapid development of herbivorous livestock such as cattle and sheep, the demand for silage maize feed in animal husbandry continues to grow, and the planting scale of silage maize in China is also constantly expanding. Due to significant differences in land types and plot sizes in China, harvesting silage maize requires various types of machinery. In order to promote the research and application of maize silage harvesting machinery, starting from the needs of moderate scale development of the animal husbandry industry and the current situation of segmented harvesting and direct harvesting coexisting in China, a segmented operation approach was adopted to analyze the common key technologies of silage maize harvesting machinery, such as straw cutting, straw crushing and kneading, maize grain crushing, and silage bundling and coating. The commonly used structures and the latest research status in the production of silage maize harvesting machinery were analyzed. This paper introduces the research and application of silage maize harvesting machinery, and analyzes and summarizes the common problems in the silage operation process, such as insufficient theoretical research on straw cutting and crushing, insufficient research on the operation quality of various devices, and weak adaptability of the entire machine. It is proposed to strengthen the research on the interaction mechanism between cutting tools and straw, the quality of operations, and the adaptability of the whole machine, so that small and medium‑sized silage maize harvesting machinery can have better operational performance, quality, and comprehensive production efficiency under different scales and operational requirements.

Key words: silage maize, corn straw, biomimetic cutting, broken grains, rubbing straw into silk, whole plant harvest

中图分类号:

段军, 程方平, 何成奎, 刘熠荣, 王义鹏, 郭曦. 中小型青贮玉米收获机械研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(10): 305-310.

Duan Jun, Cheng Fangping, He Chengkui, Liu Yirong, Wang YiPeng, Guo Xi. Research status and development trend of medium and small silage maize harvesters[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2024, 45(10): 305-310.

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