小粒不规则种子吸附特性试验研究

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2024.10.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对不规则小粒径种子精选、精播要求，选取大叶木耳菜、小麦和黄瓜三类不同形状的种子为试验对象，对气吸式排种器进行试验研究，分析吸嘴的形状、种子重量、吸嘴直径、孔径比、吸附压力和吸嘴转速对最大压力、极限压力、吸空率、单粒吸附率和复粒吸附率的影响。结果表明：建立的最大压力线性回归方程可以较好地估测不同吸嘴直径和吸嘴转速下所需要的最大压力；建立的极限压力线性回归方程对大叶木耳菜和小麦种子的估测较好，无法对黄瓜种子进行估测；重量对三类种子的单粒吸附率影响都较小，总体上可以忽略；吸附压力对大叶木耳菜和小麦种子的单粒吸附率影响较大、对黄瓜种子影响较小；吸嘴直径对三类种子的单粒吸附率影响都较大；吸嘴转速对小麦种子的单粒吸附率影响较大、对大叶木耳菜和黄瓜种子影响较小。确定三类种子最优单粒吸附率参数为：大叶木耳菜种子在吸附压力为15 kPa，吸嘴直径为2.0 mm，吸嘴转速为16.875 r/min时，最大单粒吸附率为99.17%；小麦种子在吸附压力为15 kPa，吸嘴直径为2.0 mm，吸嘴转速为16.875 r/min时，最大单粒吸附率为98.33%；黄瓜种子在吸附压力为15 kPa，吸嘴直径为1.0 mm，吸嘴转速为20.625 r/min时，最大单粒吸附率为95%。

关键词: 种子, 不规则, 精选, 精播, 气吸式, 单粒吸附率

Abstract: Aiming at the requirements of irregular small diameter seeds selection and fine sowing, three kinds of seeds with different shapes of malabar spinach, wheat and cucumber were selected as test objects to conduct experimental research on the air suction seed extractor. The influences of nozzle shape, seed weight, nozzle diameter, aperture ratio, adsorption pressure and nozzle speed on maximum pressure, ultimate pressure, zero particle adsorption rate, single particle adsorption rate and multiple particle adsorption rate were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the established linear regression equation of maximum pressure could better estimate the maximum pressure under different nozzle diameters and rotating speeds. The established linear regression equation of ultimate pressure could better estimate the seeds of malabar spinach and wheat, but could not estimate the seeds of cucumber. Weight had little effect on the single particle adsorption rate of three kinds of seeds, which could be ignored in general. The adsorption pressure had a greater effect on the single particle adsorption rate of malabar spinach and wheat seeds, but had a lesser effect on cucumber seeds. The diameter of the nozzle had a great effect on the single particle adsorption rate of the three kinds of seeds. The rotation speed of the nozzle had a greater effect on the single particle adsorption rate of wheat seeds, but had a lesser effect on malabar spinach and cucumber seeds. The optimal single particle adsorption rate parameters of the three types of seeds were determined as follows: the maximum single particle adsorption rate of malabar spinach seed was 99.17% when the adsorption pressure was 15 kPa, the diameter of the suction nozzle was 2.0 mm and the rotation speed of the suction nozzle was 16.875 r/min. The maximum single particle adsorption rate of wheat seed was 98.33% when the adsorption pressure was 15 kPa, the diameter of the nozzle was 2.0 mm and the rotation speed of the nozzle was 16.875 r/min. The maximum single particle adsorption rate of cucumber seed was 95% when the adsorption pressure was 15 kPa, the diameter of the nozzle was 1.0 mm and the rotation speed of the nozzle was 20.625 r/min.

Key words: seed, irregularity, selection, precise sowing, air suction, single particle adsorption rate

中图分类号:

徐云杰, 汪金凯, 盛浩威, 胡飞, 祁亨年. 小粒不规则种子吸附特性试验研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(10): 25-32.

Xu Yunjie, , Wang Jinkai, Sheng Haowei, Hu Fei, Qi Hengnian. Experimental study on adsorption characteristics of small irregular seeds[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2024, 45(10): 25-32.

参考文献

[ 1 ] 段宏兵. 几种国外小粒种子气吸式精密排种器的结构分析[J]. 中国农机化, 2008(2): 87-89.
Duan Hongbing. The structure analysis of the precision seed‑metering device of many kinds of the small seeds of foreign country [J]. Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2008(2): 87-89.
[ 2 ] 张宁, 廖庆喜. 我国小粒径种子播种技术与装备的应用与研究进展[J]. 中国农机化, 2012(1): 93-96, 103.
Zhang Ning, Liao Qingxi. Research progress of seeding technology and equipment for small seeds in China [J]. Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2012(1): 93-96, 103.
[ 3 ] Egli D B, Rucker M. Seed vigor and the uniformity of emergence of corn seedlings [J]. Crop Science, 2012, 52(6): 2774-2782.
[ 4 ] 陈玉龙, 刘泽琪, 韩杰, 等. 气吸式排种器扁平种子吸附姿态调节机构设计与试验 [J]. 农业工程学报, 2022, 38(23): 1-11.
Chen Yulong, Liu Zeqi, Han Jie, et al. Design and experiments of the flat seed‑adsorbing posture adjustment mechanism for the air‑suction metering device [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2022, 38(23): 1-11.
[ 5 ] 吕泰红. 气力式播种机的基本原理与失效形式分析[J]. 农机使用与维修, 2023(2): 74-76.
[ 6 ] 罗锡文, 王在满, 曾山, 等. 水稻机械化直播技术研究进展[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2019, 40(5): 1-13.
[ 7 ] 王金武, 唐汉, 王金峰, 等. 指夹式玉米精量排种器导种投送运移机理分析与试验 [J]. 农业机械学报, 2017, 48(1): 29-37, 46.
Wang Jinwu, Tang Han, Wang Jinfeng, et al. Analysis and experiment of guiding and dropping migratory mechanism on pickup finger precision seed metering device for corn [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2017, 48(1): 29-37, 46.
[ 8 ] 刘忠军, 刘立晶, 杨学军, 等. 指夹式玉米免耕精密播种机的设计与试验 [J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(S2): 1-6.
Liu Zhongjun, Liu Lijing, Yang Xuejun, et al. Design and experiment of no‑till precision planter for corn [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(S2): 1-6.
[ 9 ] 李兆东, 何顺, 钟继宇, 等. 油菜扰动气力盘式穴播排种器参数优化与试验 [J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(17): 1-11.
Li Zhaodong, He Shun, Zhong Jiyu, et al. Parameter optimization and experiment of the disturbance pneumatic plate hole metering device for rapeseed [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2021, 37(17): 1-11.
[10] 刘佳, 崔涛, 张东兴, 等. 气吹式精密排种器工作压力试验研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(12): 18-22.
Liu Jia, Cui Tao, Zhang Dongxing, et al. Experimental study on pressure of air‑blowing precision seed‑metering device [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2011, 27(12): 18-22.
[11] 史嵩, 张东兴, 杨丽, 等. 气压组合孔式玉米精量排种器设计与试验 [J]. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(5): 10-18.
Shi Song, Zhang Dongxing, Yang Li, et al. Design and experiment of pneumatic maize precision seed‑metering device with combined holes [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2014, 30(5): 10-18.
[12] 张昆. 气吸滚筒式玉米植质钵盘精密播种装机理与参数研究[D]. 大庆: 黑龙江八一农垦大学, 2018.
[13] Guarella P, Pellerano A, Pascuzzi S. Experimental and theoretical performance of a vacuum seeder nozzle for vegetable seeds [J]. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1996, 64(1): 29-36.
[14] 夏红梅, 李志伟, 牛菊菊, 等. 气力滚筒式蔬菜穴盘播种机吸排种动力学模型的研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2008, 24(1): 141-146.
Xia Hongmei, Li Zhiwei, Niu Juju, et al. Dynamic model for metering process for pneumatic roller‑type vegetable seeder [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2008, 24(1): 141-146.
[15] 廖庆喜, 杨松, 廖宜涛, 等. 油菜精量联合直播机气力排种系统性能和参数建模[J]. 农业工程学报, 2013, 29(17): 9-15.
Liao Qingxi, Yang Song, Liao Yitao, et al. Modeling for performance and parameters of pneumatic seed‑metering system of precision planter for rapeseed [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013, 29(17): 9-15.
[16] 孙裕晶, 马成林, 牛序堂, 等. 基于离散元的大豆精密排种过程分析与动态模拟[J]. 农业机械学报, 2006, 37(11): 45-48.
Sun Yujing, Ma Chenglin, Niu Xutang, et al. Discrete element analysis and animation of soybean precision seeding process based on CAD boundary model [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2006, 37(11): 45-48.
[17] Li X, Liao Q, Yu J, et al. Dynamic analysis and simulation on sucking process of pneumatic precision metering device for rapeseed [J]. Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment, 2012, 10(1): 450-454.
[18] 李娜, 赵满全, 刘飞, 等. 气吸式谷子精量排种器性能试验研究[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2016, 21(5): 122-128.
[19] Singh R C, Singh G, Saraswat D C. Optimisation of design and operational parameters of a pneumatic seed metering device for planting cottonseeds [J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2005, 92(4): 429-438.
[20] 李兆东, 杨文超, 张甜, 等. 油菜高速精量排种器槽齿组合式吸种盘设计与吸附性能试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(1): 12-22.
Li Zhaodong, Yang Wenchao, Zhang Tian, et al. Design and suction performance test of sucking‑seed plate combined with groove‑tooth structure on high speed precision metering device of rapeseed [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 35(1): 12-22.
[21] 徐云杰, 胡飞, 沈俞, 等. 气吸式水稻逐粒排列装置吸附试验分析 [J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(8): 1-9.
Xu Yunjie, Hu Fei, Shen Yu, et al. Analysis of adsorption test of rice grain‑by‑grain arrangement device by air‑suction [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2021, 42(8): 1-9.
[22] 廖宜涛, 廖庆喜, 王磊, 等. 气力式小粒径种子精量排种器吸种效果影响因素研究 [J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(24): 10-17.
Liao Yitao, Liao Qingxi, Wang Lei, et al. Investigation on vacuum singulating effect influencing factors of pneumatic precision seed metering device for small particle size of seeds [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(24): 10-17.

[1]	杨丽, 薛亚许, 李鹏飞, 彭信杰. 基于颜色分割和 PSO-RELM算法的花生种子筛选研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(9): 89-96.
[2]	杨浩勇 , 王超柱 , 刘浩义 , 关心桐 , 刘璎瑛 , 丁永前 . 种子破损率快速检测方法研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(9): 104-110.
[3]	韩鹏飞, 宋其江, 贾梦实. 基于改进轻量化 EfficientNet-V2模型的小麦种子分类[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(9): 111-117.
[4]	张宇乾, 于淇, 胡志诚, 陈龙, 杨文彩, 张海东. 基于响应面法和CFD的轴流气吸式排种器优化设计[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(8): 14-19.
[5]	韩中东, 刘江涛, 杨志杰, 李珊珊, 李涛. 玉米精量播种复合作业机具设计及试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(8): 20-26.
[6]	屈哲, 马翱博, 韩明辉, 邵海昊, 卢琦, 丁力. 蒲公英种子与绒毛脱分机设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(4): 79-84.
[7]	彭芳伟, 李祥, , 曾灵锋, 张晓建, 范勇, 吴正. 面向多播行协同作业的精量播种监测系统研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(2): 33-40.
[8]	闫建伟, 魏松, 张万萍, 张富贵. 白萝卜种子颗粒接触参数标定[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(8): 1-11.
[9]	杨正, 李国锋, 石林榕, 王尊. 玉米种子静摩擦系数测定及离散元法验证[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(8): 12-16.
[10]	李洪昌, , 高芳. 搅种托种型小麦气吸式精量排种器参数化设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(7): 9-15.
[11]	侯占峰, 马学杰, 薛晶, 戴念祖, 刘敏. 红三叶种子丸粒化工作参数多目标优化[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(5): 115-120.
[12]	田绍华, 王萍, 康建明, 林向阳, 彭强吉, 李凯凯. 气吸式残膜回收机集膜装置改进设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(4): 1-6.
[13]	孙新平, 李骅, 齐新丹, 张绪, 陈曦, 王永健, . 气吸式小白菜播种机开沟器设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(4): 17-24.
[14]	张鹏飞, 李景宇, 张思豪, 刁培松, 王文君. 精密播种机种子运动调控方法研究进展[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(4): 122-127.
[15]	刘海, 杜铮, 李旭, 郭翔, 涂建东, 万勇. 小白菜种子机械物理特性试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(3): 88-93.