先导式节流阀比例电磁铁参数设计及优化

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2024.07.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 保证丘陵山地拖拉机在起伏山地或土质较硬地块作业时的牵引力和耕深之间的最佳匹配状态是丘陵山地拖拉机悬挂系统设计的重要指标。比例电磁铁作为节流阀电—机转换的主要元件，其性能优劣对控制节流口开度、实现流量的比例调节具有重要意义。针对丘陵山地拖拉机悬挂系统作业需求和电液比例阀设计要求，设计一种用于悬挂液压系统姿态调整的先导式节流阀比例电磁铁，对其关键结构参数进行设计，建立比例电磁铁数学模型，通过Maxwell对阀组流量特性的影响进行仿真分析。同时利用遗传算法对隔磁导向套厚度、隔磁环角度、隔磁环宽度和定子铁心深度等参数进行匹配优化，通过Maxwell对优化前后的比例电磁铁进行有限元分析。仿真结果表明：优化后的比例电磁铁在1~3 mm时电磁力几乎与X轴平行，具有更好的位移—力特性。建立先导式节流阀数学模型，通过Simulink对其进行动态特性和静态特性仿真，验证所设计的比例电磁铁参数的合理性。

关键词: 丘陵山地, 拖拉机, 电液悬挂系统, 先导式节流阀, 比例电磁铁, 结构参数

Abstract: It is an important indicator for the design of the suspension system of tractors in hilly and mountainous areas to ensure the optimal matching state between traction and plowing depth when the tractor is working on hilly terrain or hard soil. Proportional electromagnets is the main component of throttle valve electromechanical conversion, its performance is of great significance in controlling throttle opening and achieving proportional adjustment of flow rate. This article focuses on the operational requirements of the suspension system of tractors in hilly and mountainous areas and the design requirements of the hydraulic proportional valve, a pilot throttle valve proportional solenoid for adjusting the attitude of the suspension hydraulic system is designed, and the key structural parameters of proportional solenoid are calculated. A mathematical model of the solenoid is established, and the impact of Maxwell on the flow characteristics of the valve group is simulated and analyzed. At the same time, genetic algorithm was used to optimize parameters such as the thickness of the magnetic isolation guide sleeve, the angle of the magnetic isolation ring, the width of the magnetic isolation ring, and the depth of the stator core. Finally, Maxwell was used to conduct finite element analysis of the optimized proportional electromagnet before and after optimization. The simulation results revealed that the electromagnetic force of the optimized proportional electromagnet was almost parallel to the Xaxis between 1-3 mm, and had better displacement force characteristics. The mathematical model of the pilot throttle valve was established, and its dynamic and static characteristics were simulated by Simulink so as to verify the rationality of the designed proportional solenoid parameters.

Key words: hilly and mountainous areas, tractors, electro hydraulic suspension system, hydraulic pilot throttle valve, proportional electromagnet, structure parameters

中图分类号:

S224.3

邵明玺, 张秀梅, 李伟. 先导式节流阀比例电磁铁参数设计及优化[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(7): 152-159.

Shao Mingxi, Zhang Xiumei, Li Wei. Design and optimization of proportional electromagnet parameters of hydraulic pilot throttle valve [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2024, 45(7): 152-159.

参考文献

［1］　邵明玺. 丘陵山地拖拉机电液悬挂液压控制阀块设计与研究［D］. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2020.Shao Mingxi. Design and research of hydraulic control valve block for electrohydraulic suspension of tractor in hilly area ［D］. Beijing: China Agricultrue University, 2020.
［2］　谢斌, 武仲斌, 毛恩荣. 农业拖拉机关键技术发展现状与展望［J］. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(8): 1-17.
Xie Bin, Wu Zhongbin, Mao Enrong. Development and prospect of key technologies on agricultural tactor ［J］. Transations of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(8): 1-17.
［3］　Taylor A M, Whitelaw J, Yianneskis M. Curved ducts with strong secondary motion: Velocity measurements of developing laminar and turbulent flow ［J］. Journal of Fluids Engineeringtransactions of the ASME, 1982, 104: 350-359.
［4］　Margolis D L, Yang W C. Bond graph models for fluid networks using modal approximation ［J］. Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement & Control, 1985, 107(3): 169.
［5］　Barbara Z, Giovanni C, Carlo R, et al. Pressure losses in hydraulic manifolds ［J］. Energies, 2017, 10(3): 310.
［6］　杜经民, 蔡保全, 李宝仁. 某系统液压集成块流道液流特性分析［J］. 机床与液压, 2010, 38(13): 143-146.〖JP2〗Du Jingmin, Cai Baoquan, Li Baoren. Analysis for flowing characteristics of fluid inside hydraulic manifold block channels of a certain system ［J］. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 2010, 38(13): 143-146.
［7］　赵宏林, 代广文, 张开龙, 等. 基于湍流理论的液压集成块流道仿真分析［J］. 石油机械, 2015, 43(8): 78-82, 118.
Zhao Honglin, Dai Guangwen, Zhang Kailong, et al. Simulation analysis on hydraulic manifold block flow channel based on turbulence theory ［J］. China Petroleum Machinery, 2015(8): 78-82, 118.
［8］　苏乃权, 李石栋, 蔡业彬, 等. 基于FLUENT的集成块流道的仿真分析［J］. 机床与液压, 2017, 45(4): 92-95, 109.Su Naiquan, Li Shidong, Cai Yebin, et al. Manifold block flow simulation analysis based on FLUENT ［J］. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 2017, 45(4): 92-95, 109.
［9］　左岗永, 徐双用. 液压集成块设计要点分析［J］. 煤矿机电, 2018(5): 10-11, 15.〖JP2〗Zuo Gangyong, Xu Shuangyong. Analysis of key design points of hydraulic manifold block ［J］. Colliery Mechanical & Electrical Technology, 2018(5): 10-11, 15.

［10］　马超, 倪文波, 王雪梅. 某自卸车液压系统集成块内部管路仿真与优化［J］. 石家庄铁道大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 30(1): 91-94, 110.

［11］　邵明玺, 张秀梅, 黄宗经. 先导式电液比例阀的特性研究［J］. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(7): 131-139.
Shao Mingxi, Zhang Xiumei, Huang Zongjing. Study on characteristics of pilotoperated electrohydraulic proportional valve ［J］. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2023, 44(7): 131-139.
［12］　伦冠德. 拖拉机液压悬挂装置的建模及仿真分析［J］. 机床与液压, 2007, 35(6): 143-145.Lun Guande. Modeling and simulation analysis of tractor hydraulic suspension device ［J］. Machine Tool and Hydraulic, 2007, 35(6): 143-145.
［13］　赵鹏, 李瑞川, 李玉善, 等. 液压阀流道的改进设计与优化［J］. 机床与液压, 2018, 46(13): 134-137.
Zhao Peng, Li Ruichuan, Li Yushan, et al. Improved design and optimization of hydraulic valve flow channels ［J］. Machine Tool and Hydraulic, 2018, 46(13): 134-137.
［14］　黄雪峰. 直动式水压溢流阀压力特性研究［D］. 成都：西南交通大学, 2009.Huang Xuefeng. Research on pressure characteristics of direct acting water pressure relief valve ［D］. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2009.
［15］　简鸿亮, 张静, 刘昱, 等. 自适应丘陵山地拖拉机虚拟设计及仿真分析［J］. 山西农业科学, 2023, 51(8): 935-941.
Jian Hongliang, Zhang Jing, Liu Yu, et al. Virtual design and simulation analysis of adaptive hilly and mountainous tractors ［J］. Shanxi Agricultural Science, 2023, 51(8): 935-941.
［16］　罗蓬. 模具快走丝放电线切割工艺的神经网络模拟与优化［J］. 贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2000(5): 65-68.
Luo Peng. Neural network simulation and optimization of die fast wire discharge wire cutting process ［J］. Journal of Guizhou University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2000(5): 65-68.

[1]	李玲玲, 李广宇, 徐峰, 王华泽, 高瑞遥, 张煜晗. 丘陵山地拖拉机坡地自适应控制系统仿真分析与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(9): 141-146.
[2]	闫祥海, 闫宇翔, 张俊江, 王伟, 徐立友, . 基于自适应阈值优化的插电并联式混合动力拖拉机节能控制研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(9): 147-152.
[3]	李伟 , 张秀梅 , 邵明玺 . 丘陵山地拖拉机悬挂液压集成阀块结构参数设计及优化[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(9): 153-158.
[4]	杨俊茹, 于小东, 李瑞川, 徐继康, 韩宗冉, 李艳超, . 拖拉机多路阀节流槽动态特性研究与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(8): 126-131.
[5]	扈伟昊, 杨发展, 姜芙林, 林云龙, 黄珂. 基于离散元法的立式旋耕刀结构参数对作业影响仿真分析[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(5): 42-48.
[6]	曾俊豪, 高巧明, , 赵鹏飞, 糜泽荣, 向浩, 许鹏. 丘陵山地遥控履带割草机设计与性能试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(5): 49-55.
[7]	毛恩荣, 王皓洁, 杜岳峰, 朱忠祥, 翟志强, 张丽榕. 大功率拖拉机多工况换挡自适应控制策略[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(5): 122-127.
[8]	王顺, 马心坦, 贺明佳. 拖拉机驾驶室内低频噪声控制研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(5): 134-139.
[9]	张九通, 唐维东, 刘鸿瑞, 杨思存, 廖明亮, 蒋猛. 基于RFID与GPS的拖拉机机库信息管理系统的设计与开发[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(5): 154-160.
[10]	钟丹, 陈鸿文, 王思, 邱霞, 蒲长兵, 李宗南. 基于MLS LiDAR点云提取桃树结构参数[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(5): 182-187.
[11]	魏国俊, 王鸿翔, 王圣杰, 王振雨, 肖茂华. 基于CKF的大型拖拉机状态参数估计研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(4): 117-122.
[12]	祝贺, 戚彬, 李衍豪, 赵树行, 王莉. 基于主客观组合加权法的拖拉机座椅舒适度评价[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(3): 140-147.
[13]	敖宁玉, 鲍安红, 胡嫚, 张森林. 基于ArcGIS的丘陵山地农田宜机化适宜性评价方法研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(3): 260-268.
[14]	吐尔逊·买买提, 谢海巍, 孔庆好, 陈俊豪, 马洁, 曲古拉·图马尔拜. 农用拖拉机不同工况下排放特性[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(2): 164-172.
[15]	徐钊睿, 赵业慧, 刘风平, 薛丽君, 杨延强, 王光明, . 拖拉机液压功率分流无级变速箱设计[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(1): 138-143.