多风道果园喷雾机风送系统优化设计与试验

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095‑5553.2024.11.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对果园传统风送式喷雾机药液浪费严重、在果树冠层上沉积量较少的问题，设计一种果园多风道喷雾机风送系统。根据我国苹果园种植模式及果树生长状态确定离心风机的风量及风压，基于Fluent软件对喷雾机外部气流进行模拟研究，分析出风口处风筒结构对气流场分布特性的影响，寻找风筒最佳结构参数，并通过试验进行验证。试验结果表明：风筒结构参数对风速影响的显著性由大到小为风筒长度、外壁倾角、导叶数量；当风筒长度为350 mm、外壁倾角为-4°、导叶数量为6时，风送系统外部气流速度及均匀性达到最优。经雾滴穿透性试验表明，与无风筒相比，在有风筒条件下，果树冠层外、中、内处的雾滴沉积密度分别提升14.94%、23.7%、26.6%。表明多风道果园喷雾机风送系统结构合理，满足果园植保机械需求。

关键词: 风送系统, 计算流体力学, 喷雾流场, 喷雾机械

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of serious waste of chemical liquid and the low amount of deposition on the canopy of fruit trees, a kind of air transmission system for orchard multi‑duct sprayer was designed. According to the planting mode of apple orchard and fruit tree growth state in China, the air volume and wind pressure of the centrifugal fan were determined, and the external airflow of the sprayer was simulated based on the Fluent software, the influence of the duct structure of the fan at the air outlet on the distribution characteristics of the airflow field was analyzed, and the optimal structural parameters of the fan were found, and were verified by experiment. The test results show that the significance of the influence of wind turbine structural parameters on wind speed is from large to small, including fan length, outer wall inclination angle, and number of guide vanes. When the length of the fan pipe is 350 mm, the inclination angle of the outer wall is -4°, and the number of guide vanes is 6, the external airflow velocity and uniformity of the air conveying system reach the best. The droplet penetration test shows that the droplet deposition density installed at the spray outlet is 14.94%, 23.7% and 26.6%, respectively higher than that of the outside, middle and inner layers of fruit trees without the dryer. The result shows that the air conveyor system of multi‑channel orchard sprayer has a reasonable structure to meet the needs of orchard plant protection machinery.

Key words: air transmission system, computational fluid dynamics, spray flow field, spraying machinery

中图分类号:

S491

刘兆光, 李亚芹, 赵浣旻, 蒲岩岩, 邱新伟, 付彦伟. 多风道果园喷雾机风送系统优化设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(11): 77-82.

Liu Zhaoguang, Li Yaqin, Zhao Huanmin, Pu Yanyan, Qiu Xinwei, Fu Yanwei. Optimization design and experiment of air transmission system of multi‑duct orchard sprayer[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2024, 45(11): 77-82.

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