山东省大蒜播种机械性能测定及发展探讨

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095‑5553.2024.08.047

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，缺乏适合中国大蒜主产区的大蒜生产装备是制约中国大蒜生产的主要因素。为推进我国大蒜机械化进程，了解大蒜播种机械性能现状，对我国大蒜第一主产区山东省典型的大蒜播种机械进行性能测定。结果表明：正芽率平均为90.0%；大蒜正芽播种机、平芽播种机平均播深合格率为91.6%、92.0%；大蒜正芽播种机、平芽播种机平均重播率为5.3%、5.5%，平均空穴率为1.0%、3.2%。悬挂式播种机的作业速度要高于自走式播种机，但作业性能要低于自走式播种机，配备旋耕装置可以提高悬挂式正芽播种机的作业效果；手扶式的大蒜平芽播种机作业效果高于悬挂式大蒜平芽播种机。未来应进一步提高正芽播种机的正芽率与作业速度，提高正芽播种机的与平芽播种机的作业性能，在适宜地区配套应用平芽播种机。

关键词: 山东省, 大蒜播种机, 平芽, 性能测定

Abstract: In recent years, the lack of garlic production equipment suitable for China's main garlic production areas is the main factor restricting China's garlic production. In order to promote the mechanization of garlic in China and understand the mechanical properties of garlic sowing in China, the performance of typical garlic sowing machinery in Shandong Province, the first main production area of garlic in China, was determined. The results showed that the average positive bud rate was 90.0%. The average sowing depth qualified rate of garlic positive bud seeder and flat bud seeder were 91.6% and 92.0%. The average reseeding rate of normal bud seeder and flat bud seeder was 5.3% and 5.5%, and the average hole rate was 1.0% and 3.2%. The operation speed of the hanging type seeder is higher than that of the self‑propelled type seeder, but the operation performance is lower than that of the self‑propelled type seeder. The operation effect of hand‑supported garlic planter is higher than that of hanging garlic planter. In the future, the positive germination rate and operation speed of positive germination seeder should be further improved, and the operation performance of positive germination seeder and flat germination seeder should be improved, and flat germination seeder should be used in suitable areas.

Key words: Shandong Province, garlic bud seeder, garlic flat bud seeder, performance measurement

中图分类号:

李鹍鹏, 王东伟, 徐文艺, 朱月浩, 常学良, 史忠涛. 山东省大蒜播种机械性能测定及发展探讨[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(8): 325-329.

Li Kunpeng, Wang Dongwei, Xu Wenyi, Zhu Yuehao, Chang Xueliang, Shi Zhongtao. Determination and development of mechanical properties of garlic sowing in Shandong Province[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2024, 45(8): 325-329.

参考文献

[ 1 ] 马玉婷，高强，杨旭丹. 农村劳动力老龄化与农业产业结构升级: 理论机制与实证检验[J]. 华中农业大学学报（社会科学版）， 2023（2）: 69-79.
Ma Yuting， Gao Qiang， Yang Xudan. Aging of rural labor force and the upgrading of agricultural industrial structure: Theoretical mechanism and empirical test [J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University （Social Sciences Edition）， 2023（2）: 69-79.
[ 2 ] 乔立娟，郭佳晧，赵帮宏，等. 山东省大蒜全程机械化生产效率评价及推进策略研究[J]. 中国瓜菜， 2022， 35（7）: 110-115.
Qiao Lijuan， Guo Jiahao， Zhao Banghong， et al. Efficiency evaluation and promotion strategy of whole mechanized operation in garlic producing in Shandong Province [J]. China Cucurbits and Vegetables， 2022， 35（7）: 110-115.
[ 3 ] 魏宏玲，王小瑜，陈进熹，等. 中国大蒜机械化生产现状与发展思路探讨[J]. 中国农机化学报， 2022， 43（4）: 175-182.
Wei Hongling， Wang Xiaoyu， Chen Jinxi， et al. Discussion on the present situation and development of mechanized garlic production in China [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization， 2022， 43（4）: 175-182.
[ 4 ] 张香萍，李胜利. 河南省大蒜产业现状及“十四五”高质量发展建议[J]. 中国瓜菜， 2021， 34（5）: 132-135.
Zhang Xiangping， Li Shengli. Current situation of garlic industry in Henan Province and suggestions of its high quality development during the “14th Five‑Year Plan” period [J]. China Cucurbits and Vegetables， 2021， 34（5）: 132-135.
[ 5 ] Nagasaki Y， Nonaka M， Kawashima H， et al. Studies on machinery and facilities for various vegetable production [J]. Bulletin of the National Agricultural Research Center for Western Region （Japan）， 2005， 4: 129-171.
[ 6 ] 谢冬梅，汪希成，伍骏骞. 农业机械化水平对中国粮食生产技术效率的空间溢出效应研究——基于农机跨区作业视角[J]. 中国农机化学报， 2023， 44（3）: 223-231.
Xie Dongmei， Wang Xicheng， Wu Junqian. Research on the spatial spillover effect of the level of agricultural mechanization on the technical efficiency of grain production in China: Based on the perspective of agricultural machinery cross‑regional operation [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization， 2023， 44（3）: 223-231.
[ 7 ] 王祎娜，沐森林，顾峰伟，等. 国内外农机化技术发展现状与对策建议[J]. 中国农机化学报， 2019， 40（3）: 227-230.
Wang Yina， Mu Senlin， Gu Fengwei， et al. Current situation and suggestions for the development of agricultural mechanization technology at home and abroad [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization， 2019， 40（3）: 227-230.

[1]	张鹏飞, 刘冬梅, 崔荣江, 徐亚丹. 复式大蒜种子方向控制装置设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(3): 8-13.
[2]	李瑞, 顾莉丽, 李雪. 蔬菜种植户安全用药行为及影响因素研究——以山东省为例[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(2): 107-114.
[3]	魏宏玲, 王小瑜, 陈进熹, 崔荣江. 中国大蒜机械化生产现状与发展思路探讨[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(4): 175-182.
[4]	刘泽松, 王浩屹, 李骅, 王永健, 丁元庚, 曾晓萍. 基于有限元的大蒜播种机机架轻量化设计[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(1): 27-32.
[5]	李彦栋;石鑫;牛长河;张佳喜;. 大蒜播种机地轮及铺管覆膜机构改进设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(5): 35-41.
[6]	贾生涛;牛长河;王学农;石鑫;杨会民;刘旋峰;. 新疆大蒜物料及力学特性试验研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(5): 81-86.
[7]	李娜;周进;崔中凯;张华;姜伟;. 山东省马铃薯生产全程机械化现状与对策建议[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2019, 40(1): 198-204.