气力式高速精量排种器研究现状及展望

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2024.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高速作业是当前精量播种技术的发展趋势，气力式精量排种器是实现高速作业的关键技术载体。分析限制气力式排种器作业速度提升的主要因素，提出高速充种技术、稳定清种技术、投种过程种子平稳运动控制技术、排种器平稳驱动技术四项关键技术。综述气力式精量排种器主要类别及特点，梳理国内外气力式排种器研发应用现状，针对提出的四项关键技术分析国内外研究现状，得出稳定充种、有效清种、平稳投种、排种器平稳驱动是有效提升高速作业播种合格率、降低变异系数、保证粒距均匀性的主要技术措施。结合我国的情况分析高速精量播种存在作业速度及效率低、电驱技术及质量监控技术不完善等问题，提出气力式高速精量排种器需要加大自主创新，未来向着高精度、高效率、智能化方向发展。

关键词: 精量排种器, 气力式, 高速作业, 播种合格率

Abstract: High speed operation is the development trend of precision seeding technology at present, and the pneumatic precision seeding device is the key technical carrier to realize high speed operation. In response to the problem of limiting the speed increase of pneumatic seed metering devices, highspeed seed filling technology, stable seed cleaning technology, seed smooth motion control technology during the seed feeding process, and seed metering device smooth driving technology have been proposed. This article summarizes the development status of pneumatic seeders both domestically and internationally, analyzes the research status of key technologies at home and abroad, and concludes that stable seed filling, effective seed cleaning, stable seed input, and stable driving of seeders can effectively improve the seeding qualification rate, reduce the coefficient of variation, and ensure the uniformity of grain spacing. Combined with the situation in China, the problems of highspeed precision seeding such as low operating speed and efficiency, imperfection of electric drive technology and quality monitoring technology are analyzed. It is proposed that the pneumatic highspeed precision seed discharger needs to increase its independent innovation, develop towards high precision, high efficiency and intelligent direction in the future.

Key words: precision seed metering device, pneumatic, highspeed, seeding qualification rate

中图分类号:

S223.2

郭文骐, , 张文毅, 祁兵, 袁建宁, 王云霞, 夏倩倩. 气力式高速精量排种器研究现状及展望[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(3): 31-37.

Guo Wenqi, , Zhang Wenyi, Qi Bing, Yuan Jianning, Wang Yunxia, Xia Qianqian. Research status and prospects of pneumatic highspeed precision seeder[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2024, 45(3): 31-37.

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