关键词: 稻茬麦, 洁区播种机, 稻秸还田, 机艺融合

Abstract: In response to the problems of poor supporting agricultural machinery, heavy sticky soil and difficulty in returning straw to the field during wheat sowing in ricewheat rotation area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the technical model of “interrow straw mulching and returning to the field in wide and narrow rows” was developed, which has the technical features of interrow straw collection, strip rototilling, concentrated fertilizer application, clean area sowing and counterrow suppression, etc. By establishing the mechanical model of interrow straw covering movement, designing the key components such as auger type straw row covering device, ditching rotary tillage integrated device, centralized fertilization device, floating soil cover plate and row roller, a kind of rotary tillage fertilization seeder in wheat cleaning area after rice stubble was developed. The results of the field trial showed that the combination of straw interrow mulching and wide and narrow row planting effectively solved the problems of poor quality of the rice stubble wheat seed bed. The cleanliness of the area was 87.69%, the average row spacing was 148 mm in the narrow rows of wheat and 304 mm in the wide rows, with a coefficient of variation of 5.36%, the average sowing depth was 33 mm, the sowing depth pass rate was 95.76%, the seed drying rate was 0.98% and the broken soil rate was 86.01%. Fertiliser application was concentrated before ploughing, with an average depth of 65 mm and a pass rate of 94.63%, all of them met the national standards. The average depth of the furrow was 175 mm and the width of the furrow surface was 198 mm, which met the drainage requirements. The actual yield of the trial field was 8059.2 kg/hm2, more than 20% higher than the average yield, 31.24% reduction in fuel consumption compared to full width seeders. The study provides agricultural machinery support for the green and lowcarbon conservation tillage technology model of rice stubble wheat, and promotes the efficient and rapid integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy.

Key words: wheat after rice, clean area planter, rice straw returning, combination of farm machinery with agronomy