复式大蒜种子方向控制装置设计与试验

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2024.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高大蒜播种机对杂交蒜的播种正芽率，提出串联使用大蒜种子重心靠下和大蒜种子芽尖细长特征进行种子方向控制的方法，即在排种器运种阶段设计分段式护种槽，利用大蒜种子重心靠下特征提高种子直立进入定向器的概率，在换向阶段设计弧形开口定向器，使大蒜种子芽尖尽可能露出定向器，提高短芽尖大蒜鳞芽的正芽率。以定向速度和种子芽尖长度为试验因素，正芽率为试验指标，进行台架试验，结果表明，蒜瓣芽尖长度对播种机正芽率影响较为明显，正芽率随定向速度的增加而降低。以金乡杂交蒜为试验对象，对定向系统进行田间播种性能试验，试验结果表明：行走速度为0.14~0.19 m/s时，金乡杂交蒜的正芽率达85%，整体满足大蒜播种农艺要求。串联使用大蒜种子两种物理特征从作业原理上可提高大蒜种子定向稳定性，为大蒜播种机械化发展提供参考。

关键词: 大蒜播种机, 复式定向, 弧形开口定向器, 分段式护种槽

Abstract: In order to improve the seeding bud rate of hybrid garlic by planting garlic seeder, a method was put forward to control the direction of garlic seeds by using the lower center of gravity of garlic seeds and the elongated sprout tips of garlic seeds in series, namely，the sectional kind of groove was designed in the metering device stage, using garlic seed characteristics under focus on improving seed straight into the orientation of probability. In the commutation stage, the arc opening directional device was designed, the germination tips of garlic seeds were exposed as much as possible to improve the positive germination rate of garlic scaly buds with short bud tips. With orientation speed and seed tip length as test factors and positive bud rate as test index, bench test was conducted. The results showed that the effect of garlic bud tip length on the positive bud rate was obvious, and the positive bud rate decreased with the increase of orientation speed. Taking Jinxiang hybrid garlic as the experimental object, the field sowing performance of the directional system was tested. The experimental results showed that the positive budding rate of Jinxiang hybrid garlic reached about 85% when the walking speed was in the range of 0.14-0.19 m/s, which generally met the agronomic requirements of garlic sowing. Using the two physical characteristics of garlic seeds in series can improve the directional stability of garlic seeds from the operating principle. This study will provide a reference for the development of garlic seeding mechanization.

Key words: garlic seed drill, compound orientation, arc open directional device, segmental seed protection groove

中图分类号:

S223.2+3

张鹏飞, 刘冬梅, 崔荣江, 徐亚丹. 复式大蒜种子方向控制装置设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2024, 45(3): 8-13.

Zhang Pengfei, Liu Dongmei, Cui Rongjiang, Xu Yadan. Design and experiment of directional control device for compound garlic seeds[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2024, 45(3): 8-13.

参考文献

［1］　马招弟, 丁天娇. 中国大蒜出口贸易现状研究［J］. 农村经济与科技, 2017, 28(2): 64, 266.
［2］　穆亚男. 中国大蒜国际竞争力的实证分析［J］. 国际商贸, 2013(1): 125-126.
［3］　李超, 冯芮, 徐洪岑, 等. 大蒜种子分级机研究现状及展望［J］. 中国农机化学报, 42(6): 91-96.
Li Chao, Feng Rui, Xu Hongcen, et al. Research status and prospect of garlic seed classifier ［J］. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2021, 42(6): 91-96.
［4］　金诚谦, 袁文胜, 吴崇友, 等. 大蒜播种时鳞芽朝向对大蒜生长发育影响的试验研究［J］. 农业工程学报, 2008, 24(4): 155-158.
Jin Chengqian, Yuan Wensheng, Wu Chongyou, et al. Experimental study on effects of the bulbil direction on garlic growth ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2008, 24(4): 155-158.
［5］　李华峰. 大蒜播种［P］. 中国专利: CN200820021828.5, 2009-04-15.
［6］　荐世春, 赵峰, 李青, 等. 旋转式蒜瓣单粒定向取种器的研究设计［J］. 农业装备与车辆工程, 2009(2): 18-20.
Jian Shichun, Zhao Feng, Li Qing, et al. Research and design on rotary garlic singleclove directional seed metering device ［J］. Agricultural Equipment & Vehicle Engineering, 2009(2): 18-20.
［7］　河宗佑. 大蒜播种机［P］. 中国专利: CN201380008620.3, 2014-10-22.
［8］　崇峻, 张光辉, 崇璐. 大蒜播种机［P］. 中国专利: CN201520552265.2, 2015-12-30.
［9］　耿爱军, 张兆磊, 宋占华, 等. 蒜种盒机械投放过程运动学分析与参数优化试验［J］. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(5): 29-35.
Geng Aijun, Zhang Zhaolei, Song Zhanhua, et al. Kinematic analysis and parameter optimized experiment of garlic box putting process ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(5): 29-35.
［10］　栗晓宇, 耿爱军, 侯加林, 等. 全自动蒜种盒提取投放装置设计与试验［J］. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(23): 32-37.
Li Xiaoyu, Geng Aijun, Hou Jialin， et al. Design and experiment of fullautomatic lifting and releasing device of garlic seed box ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33(23): 32-37.
［11］　Kim W S, Lee D H, Kim Y J, et al. Path detection for autonomous traveling in orchards using patchbased CNN ［J］. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2020, 175: 105620.
［12］　Liu X, Hu C, Li P. Automatic segmentation of overlapped poplar seedling leaves combining Mask RCNN and DBSCAN ［J］. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2020, 178: 105753.
［13］　Pan L, Deng S J, Liu R H. Research on the identification of the roots of garlic base on pattern recognition ［J］. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2010, 32(5): 51-54.
［14］　Shuai D, Yang L, Liu X, et al. Recognition of garlic cloves direction based on machine vision ［J］. In International Workshop of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation, 2017: 447-455.
［15］　方春, 孙福振, 任崇广. 基于深度学习的大蒜鳞芽朝向识别研究［J］. 计算机应用研究, 2019, 36(2): 598-600.
Fang Chun, Sun Fuzhen, Ren Chongguang. Identifying bulbil direction of garlic based on deep learning ［J］. Application Research of Computers, 2019, 36(2): 598-600.
［16］　Geng A, Li X, Hou J, et al. Design and experiment of automatic garlic seed directing device ［J］. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2020, 13(6): 85-93.
［17］　Li Y, Wu Y, Li T, et al. Design and experiment of adjustment device based on machine vision for garlic clove direction ［J］. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2020, 174: 105513.
［18］　侯加林, 田林, 李天华, 等. 基于双侧图像识别的大蒜正芽及排种试验台设计与试验［J］. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(1): 50-58.
Hou Jialin, Tian Lin, Li Tianhua, et al. Design and experiment of test bench for garlic bulbil adjustment and seeding based on bilateral image identification ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(1): 50-58.

[1]	魏宏玲, 王小瑜, 陈进熹, 崔荣江. 中国大蒜机械化生产现状与发展思路探讨[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(4): 175-182.
[2]	刘泽松, 王浩屹, 李骅, 王永健, 丁元庚, 曾晓萍. 基于有限元的大蒜播种机机架轻量化设计[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(1): 27-32.
[3]	李彦栋;石鑫;牛长河;张佳喜;. 大蒜播种机地轮及铺管覆膜机构改进设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(5): 35-41.
[4]	贾生涛;牛长河;王学农;石鑫;杨会民;刘旋峰;. 新疆大蒜物料及力学特性试验研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(5): 81-86.