贵州畜禽养殖污染负荷预警研究

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2023.09.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为估算贵州各市州畜禽养殖污染量，评估各市州畜禽养殖污染负荷，为畜禽养殖污染治理提供依据。基于2007—2020年贵州省各市州畜禽饲养量、常用耕地面积统计数据，采用排污系数法、土地承载方法对畜禽养殖污染负荷预警进行研究。结果表明：各市州畜禽粪尿总量为100 248.79kt，是工业固体废弃物的1.23倍，其中牛产生的粪尿最多，其次分别为猪、羊、家禽；各市州畜禽粪便排放的污染物总量为5 184.87kt，其中COD、BOD的排放量较大，而TP、TN、NH3N的排放量偏小；畜禽粪便污染物排放的流失总量为630.41kt，其中COD的排放占比最高；除贵阳市以外，各市州猪粪当量、N、P负荷均已超标，畜禽养殖对贵州农业耕地造成较大污染风险，污染严重程度依次为安顺市＞黔南州＞铜仁市＞黔西南州＞黔东南州＞六盘水市＞遵义市＞毕节市。基于研究结论提出合理布局畜禽养殖规模、加强排污制度监管、落实补贴政策、推动畜禽清洁养殖、提高饲料转化比等建议。

关键词: 贵州省, 畜禽粪便量, 排污系数, 土地承载, 污染负荷预警

Abstract: In order to estimate the pollution amount of livestock and poultry breeding and evaluate the pollution load of livestock and poultry breeding in Guizhou, and provide a basis for the pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding, based on the statistical data of livestock and poultry breeding quantity and common cultivated land area from 2007 to 2020 in Guizhou province and other cities and prefectures, the early warning study on livestock and poultry breeding pollution load was carried out by means of the pollutant discharge coefficient method and land bearing method.The results showed that the total feces and urine of livestock and poultry in each city and prefecture was 100248.79kt, which was 1.23 times of industrial solid waste, among of which cattle produced the most feces and urine, followed by pigs, sheep and poultry. The total amount of pollutants discharged by livestock and poultry manure in each city and prefecture was 5184.87kt, among which the emissions of COD and BOD were large, while the emissions of TP, TN and NH3N were small. The total loss of livestock and poultry manure pollutants was 630.41kt, in which the discharge of COD accounted was the highest proportion. Except Guiyang City, the pig manure equivalent, N and P load of all cities and prefectures had exceeded the standard, and livestock and poultry breeding had caused great pollution risk to agricultural cultivated land in Guizhou, and the pollution severity was in the order of Anshun City > Qiannan Prefecture > Tongren City > Qianxinan Prefecture > Qiandongnan Prefecture > Liupanshui City > Zunyi City > Bijie City. At last, on base of study conclusion, the relevant suggestions are put forward, such as rational distribution of livestock and poultry breeding scale, strengthening the supervision of sewage discharge system, implementing subsidy policies, promoting clean livestock and poultry breeding and improving feed conversion ratio.

Key words: Guizhou Province, livestock manure volume, sewage discharge coefficient, land carrying, early warning of pollution load

中图分类号:

S82： X713

田文勇, , 毛昆, 张翊红, 吴蔓, 陈玉. 贵州畜禽养殖污染负荷预警研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(9): 59-65.

Tian Wenyong, , Mao Kun, Zhang Yihong, Wu Man, Chen Yu. Study on early warning of pollution load of livestock and poultry breeding in Guizhou[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2023, 44(9): 59-65.

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